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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mc......<TT>Midnight Commander</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mc</B> <I>option(s) directory1 directory2</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mc</B> command launches the Midnight Commander, a directory browser and file manager for Linux that doesn&#146;t require the X Window System. It allows you to move, copy, and delete files and directories, either with mouse actions and pulldown menus or commands entered on a command line as with <B>vi</B>.</P>

<P>There is an extensive set of commands associated with the Midnight Commander; see the online-manual pages for more details.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-b</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Works in black and white.

<TR>

<TD><B>-c</B>

<TD>Works in color.

<TR>

<TD><B>-C <I>arg</I></B>

<TD>Uses <I>arg</I> color set instead of the default.

<TR>

<TD><B>-d</B>

<TD>Turns off mouse support.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f</B>

<TD>Displays compiled-in search paths for Midnight Commander files.

<TR>

<TD><B>-l <I>file</I></B>

<TD>Saves the <B>ftpfs</B> dialog with the server on file.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-P</B>

<TD>Prints the last working directory after Midnight Commander exits. (See the manual pages for shell scripts that makes this option very useful.)

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s</B>

<TD>Works in slow mode, where line drawings are suppressed and verbose mode is turned off.

<TR>

<TD><B>-t</B>

<TD>Uses TERMCAP for terminal information.

<TR>

<TD><B>-u</B>

<TD>Disables a concurrent shell.

<TR>

<TD><B>-U</B>

<TD>Enables a concurrent shell.

<TR>

<TD><B>-v <I>file</I></B>

<TD>Launches the internal viewer to view <I>file</I>.

<TR>

<TD><B>-x</B>

<TD>Works under <B>xterm</B>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mkdir......<TT>Make Directory</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-96i.jpg"><P><B>mkdir</B> <I>option(s) directories</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mkdir</B> command is used to create directories. The default mode of new directories is 0777.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-m <I>mode</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Sets the mode of the new directories to <I>mode</I>.

<TR>

<TD><B>-p</B>

<TD>Creates new parent directories as needed.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mkdirhier......<TT>Make Directory Hierarchy</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mkdirhier</B> <I>directory</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mkdirhier</B> creates a directory hierarchy. This command is made redundant by the GNU version of <B>mkdir</B> (covered separately), which will create a directory hierarchy.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>mkdir</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mkfifo......<TT>Make FIFO</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-97i.jpg"><P><B>mkfifo</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mkfifo</B> creates a FIFO, or a named pipe. The mode of the new FIFO is 0666.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-m <I>mode</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Sets the mode of new FIFOs to <I>mode</I>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mkfontdir......<TT>Make Font Directory</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-98i.jpg"><P><B>mkfontdir</B> <I>directory</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mkfontdir</B> creates an index of X font files, <B>fonts.dir</B>, in the specified <I>directory</I>. There&#146;s no option to change this filename, and you wouldn&#146;t want to&#151;this is the name that the X font server and the X server look to for font information.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>xfs</B>

<DD><B>xset</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mkmanifest......<TT>Restores UNIX Filenames</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mkmanifest</B> <I>file(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mkmanifest</B> command create a shell script to restore Linux filenames that have been truncated by the MS-DOS filename restrictions.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>arc</B>

<DD><B>pcomm</B>

<DD><B>mtools</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mknod......<TT>Make Special Files</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-99i.jpg"><P><B>mknod</B> <I>option(s) filename filetype major_dev minor_dev</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mknod</B> command creates special files (FIFO, character special file, or block special file) with the given <I>filename</I>. The default mode of these files is 0666. The <I>filetype</I> can be one of the following:</P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>p</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">FIFO

<TR>

<TD><B>b</B>

<TD>Block (buffered) special file

<TR>

<TD><B>c</B>

<TD>Character (unbuffered) special file

<TR>

<TD><B>u</B>

<TD>Character (unbuffered) special file

</TABLE>

<P><I>Major_dev</I> and <I>minor_dev</I> refer to major and minor device numbers.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m <I>mode</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Sets the mode of the new file to <I>mode</I>. This is a symbolic value.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mv......<TT>Move Files</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mv</B> <I>option(s) sources target</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mv</B> command moves files&#151;or, more accurately, gives them a new name and a new location on the file hierarchy. If the <I>target</I> names a directory, <B>mv</B> moves the sources into files with the same names in that directory. Otherwise, if two files are given as <I>sources</I> and <I>target</I>, it moves the first file onto the second.</P>

<P>If the new file is unwritable, <B>mv</B> will ask you to confirm that you want to overwrite a file.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-b</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Creates backups before removing files.

<TR>

<TD><B>-f</B>

<TD>Removes existing destination files without prompting you.

<TR>

<TD><B>-i</B>

<TD>Prompts you before overwriting destination files.

<TR>

<TD><B>-S</B>

<TD>Sets a new suffix for backups; the system default is ~.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-u</B>

<TD>Declines moving a file to a new destination with the same or newer modification time.

<TR>

<TD><B>-v</B>

<TD>Verbose mode; prints the name of each file before moving it.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>cp</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>newgrp......<TT>New Group</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>newgrp</B> <I>GID</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>newgrp</B> command changes your group permissions after you&#146;ve already logged in the system. If you don&#146;t specify a new GID, your login GID is used.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>login</B>

<DD><B>group</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pwd......<TT>Print Working Directory</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-100i.jpg"><P><B>pwd</B></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pwd</B> command prints the name of the current (working) directory.</P><P><BR></P>

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