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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>cc......<TT>C Compiler</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>cc</B> <I>option filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>cc</B> command is the standard C-compiler command. Linux features <B>gcc</B>, the GNU C Compiler, as its C-language tool of choice. Check the listings for <B>gcc</B> for more information.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>cpp......<TT>C Compiler Preprocessor</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-137i.jpg"><P><B>cpp</B> <I>option(s) inputfile outputfile</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The C preprocessor is a macro processor that is used by the C compiler to transform your program before actual compilation. For a more detailed explanation, see the <B>info</B> entry for <B>cpp.info</B> and the online-manual pages.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>gcc</B>
<DD><B>imake</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>ctags......<TT>Vi Tags</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-138i.jpg"><P><B>ctags</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>ctags</B> command creates a tag-table file in a format usable by <B>vi.</B> Supported syntaxes are C, C++, Fortran, Pascal, LaTeX, Scheme, Emacs Lisp/Common Lisp, Erlang, Prolog, and most assembler-like syntaxes.</P>
<P>See the online-manual pages for more information.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>etags......<TT>Emacs Tags</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-139i.jpg"><P><B>etags</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>etags</B> command creates a tag-table file in a format usable by <B>emacs.</B> Supported syntaxes are C, C++, Fortran, Pascal, LaTeX, Scheme, Emacs Lisp/Common Lisp, Erlang, Prolog, and most assembler-like syntaxes.</P>
<P>See the online-manual pages for more information.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>flex......<TT>Fast Lexical Analyzer Generator</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>flex</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>flex</B> command generates scanner programs that recognize lexical patterns in text. This command reads the given input files, or its standard input if no filenames are given, for a description of a scanner to generate. The description is in the form of pairs of regular expressions and C code, called <I>rules</I>. The output is a C source file. This file is compiled and linked with the <B>-lfl</B> library to produce an executable.</P>
<P>See the online-manual pages for more information.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>g77......<TT>Fortran Compiler</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-140i.jpg"><P><B>g77</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>g77</B> command compiles Fortran programs. See the <B>info</B> listing for <B>g77</B> for information on Fortran and this command.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>gawk......<TT>GNU AWK</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-141i.jpg"><P><B>gawk</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>gawk</B> command is the GNU version of the AWK programming language—not necessarily a complex language, but an involved one. You’ll want to check the online-manual pages or perhaps even an AWK programming book for more information.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>gcc......<TT>C/C++ Compiler</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-142i.jpg"><P><B>gcc</B> <I>option filename</I></P>
<P>g++ <I>option filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>gcc</B> and <B>g++</B> commands are the C-language and C++-language compilers used in Linux. (Also supported is Objective-C.) Both process input files through one or more of four stages: preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking. The <B>gcc</B> command assumes that preprocessed (<B>.i</B>) files are C and assumes C-style linking, while <B>g++</B> assumes that preprocessed (<B>.i</B>) files are C++ and assumes C++ style linking. Commands work with the following filename extensions:</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>.c</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">C source; preprocess, compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.C</B>
<TD>C++ source; preprocess, compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.cc</B>
<TD>C++ source; preprocess, compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.cxx</B>
<TD>C++ source; preprocess, compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.m</B>
<TD>Objective-C source; preprocess, compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.i</B>
<TD>Preprocessed C; compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.ii</B>
<TD>Preprocessed C++; compile, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.s</B>
<TD>Assembler source; assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.S</B>
<TD>Assembler source; preprocess, assemble
<TR>
<TD><B>.h</B>
<TD>Preprocessor file; not usually named on command line
</TABLE>
<P>Files with other suffixes are passed to the linker. Common cases include:
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>.o</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">Object file
<TR>
<TD><B>.a</B>
<TD>Archive file
</TABLE>
<P>A primer on programming and the use of the C language is not presented here; entire libraries cover C programming much better than we can in this limited forum. In addition, there are hundreds of options available for this command; you’ll want to check the <B>info</B> pages for more information.</P><P><BR></P>
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