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<TITLE>Linux in Plain English:Linux Commands Organized by Group</TITLE>
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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
<!--PUBLISHER=IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.//-->
<!--IMPRINT=M & T Books//-->
<!--CHAPTER=5//-->
<!--PAGES=232-237//-->
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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%"><B>-amin <I>min</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were accessed:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><I>+m</I></B>
<TD WIDTH="55%">more than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>m</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-m</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD><B>-anewer <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were accessed after they were modified.
<TR>
<TD><B>-atime <I>days</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were accessed:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>+d</I></B>
<TD>more than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>d</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-d</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD><B>-cmin <I>min</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were changed:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>+m</I></B>
<TD>more than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>m</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-m</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD><B>-cnewer <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were changed after they were modified.
<TR>
<TD><B>-ctime <I>days</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were changed:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>+d</I></B>
<TD>more than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>d</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-d</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-daystart</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Assumes that times are calculated from the beginning of the day, not from now.
<TR>
<TD><B>-empty</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Continues the search even if a file is empty.
<TR>
<TD><B>-exec <I>command</I> {}\;</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Runs the Linux <I>command</I> after a file is found.
<TR>
<TD><B>-false</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Returns a false value if a match is made.
<TR>
<TD><B>-follow</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Follows symbolic links and the associated directories.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-fstype <I>type</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files stored on specific filesystem <I>type</I>: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, and S52K.
<TR>
<TD><B>-gid <I>num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files belonging to a specific group <I>num</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-group <I>group</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files belonging to a specific <I>group</I>, which can be an ID or a name.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-ilname <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Searches for symbolic links pointing to <I>file</I>, which can include metacharacters and wildcards. The case doesn’t matter.
<TR>
<TD><B>-iname <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds a file named <I>file</I>. The case doesn’t matter.
<TR>
<TD><B>-inum <I>num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files with a specific inode number of <I>num</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-ipath <I>name</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that match <I>name</I>, which is an abolute pathname. The case doesn’t matter.
<TR>
<TD><B>-links <I>num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files with <I>num</I> number of links.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-lname <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Searches for symbolic links pointing to <I>file</I>, which can include metacharacters and wildcards. The case must match.
<TR>
<TD><B>-maxdepth <I>num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Stops search after descending <I>num</I> levels of directories.
<TR>
<TD><B>-mindepth <I>num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Begins search at <I>num</I> levels of directories and lower.
<TR>
<TD><B>-mmin <I>min</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were modified:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>+m</I></B>
<TD>more than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>m</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-m</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>m</I> minutes ago.
<TR>
<TD><B>-mtime <I>days</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that were modified:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>+d</I></B>
<TD>more than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>d</I></B>
<TD>exactly <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B><I>-d</I></B>
<TD>less than <I>d</I> days ago.
<TR>
<TD><B>-name <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds a file named <I>file</I>. The case must match.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-newer <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that have been modified more recently than <I>file</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-nogroup</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files whose group owner isn’t listed in <B>/etc/group</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-nouser</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files whose owner isn’t listed in <B>/etc/passwd</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-ok <I>command</I> {}\;</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Runs the Linux <I>command</I> after a file is found, verifiying that you do indeed want to run the command.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-path <I>name</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that match <I>name</I>, which is an absolute pathname. The case matters.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-perm <I>nnn</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files that have permissions matching specified file permissions (such as <B>rwx</B>).
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-size <I>num</I>[c]</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds a file containing <I>num</I> blocks or <I>num</I> character if <B>c</B> is added.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-type <I>t</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Returns names of file whose type is <I>t</I>, which can be <B>b</B> (block special file), <B>c</B> (character special file), <B>d</B> (directory), <B>f</B> (plain file), <B>l</B> (symbolic link), <B>p</B> (pipe), or <B>s</B> (socket).
<TR>
<TD><B>-user <I>user</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Finds files belonging to specified <I>user</I>.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLES</I></B></FONT></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
$ find / -ctime -2
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>This finds all the files on the entire filesystem that have been changed less than two days ago.
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
$ find $HOME
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>This lists all the files and directories in your home directory.
</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>funzip......<TT>Filtered Unzip</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>funzip</B> <I>password input_file</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>funzip</B> command is a filter for extracting from a ZIP archive in a pipe.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>gzip</B>
<DD><B>unzip</B>
<DD><B>zip</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>getfilename......<TT>Get Filename</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>getfilename</B> <I>format-name filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>getfilename</B> command asks a user to name a file in a given format. It’s not useful on its own but becomes useful when combined with a mailcap-oriented program, such as <B>mailto</B>.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>mailto</B>
<DD><B>metamail</B>
</DL>
<P><BR></P>
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