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<b>Linux</b></font><p>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading1">- 49 -</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading2">Configuring a WAIS Site</A>
<LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading4">FIGURE 49.1.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading5">FIGURE 49.2.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading6">FIGURE 49.3.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading7">Compiling and Installing freeWAIS</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading8">Setting Up freeWAIS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading9">Starting freeWAIS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading10">Building Your WAIS Indexes</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading11">NOTE</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading12">WAIS Index Files</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading13">The waisindex Command</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading14">NOTE</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading15">Getting Fancy</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading16">Summary</A>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<P>
<HR SIZE="4">
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading1<FONT COLOR="#000077">- 49 -</FONT></H2>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading2<FONT COLOR="#000077">Configuring a WAIS
Site</FONT></H2>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#000077"></FONT></H2>
<P><I>by Tim Parker</I></P>
<P>IN THIS CHAPTER</P>
<UL>
<LI>Compiling and Installing freeWAIS
<P>
<LI>Setting Up freeWAIS
<P>
<LI>Starting freeWAIS
<P>
<LI>Building Your WAIS Indexes
</UL>
<P>WAIS (Wide Area Information Service) is a menu-based tool that enables users to
search for keywords in a database of documents available on your system and show
the results. WAIS was developed by Thinking Machines but spun off to a separate company
called WAIS Inc., when it became immensely popular. A free version of WAIS was made
available to the Clearinghouse for Networking Information Discovery and Retrieval
(CNIDR) as freeWAIS, which is the version most often found on Linux systems.<BR>
<BR>
WAIS lets a user enter some keywords or phrases, and then searches a database for
those terms. A typical WAIS search screen is shown in Figure 49.1. (This screen is
from the primary WAIS server at <TT>http://www.wais.com</TT>. This server is a good
place to look for examples of how WAIS can be used.) In this example, we searched
for the keywords <TT>hubble</TT> and <TT>magnitude</TT> (WAIS usually ignores case).
After searching all the database indexes it knows about, WAIS shows its results,
as shown in Figure 49.2.
<H6></H6>
<P><A NAME="Heading4<A HREF="../art/49/50lnx01.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077">FIGURE
49.1.</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"><I> </I></FONT><I>You can enter complex or
simple search criteria on a WAIS search line. </I><BR>
<BR>
The display generated by WAIS, often displayed in a WWW browser or a WAIS browser
as in these figures, lists each match along with its score from 0 to 1000, indicating
the manner in which the keywords match the index (the higher numbers are better matches).
Users can then refine the list, expand it, or examine documents listed. In Figure
49.3, one of the documents listed in the search results is displayed in the WWW browser
window. WAIS can handle many file formats, including text and documents, audio, JPEG
and GIF files, and binaries.</P>
<P>The version of WAIS used commonly with Linux is called freeWAIS. This chapter
looks at how you can set up a freeWAIS server on your Linux machine. WAIS is a useful
service to provide if you deal with a considerable amount of information that you
want to make generally available. This could be product information, details about
a hobby, or practically any other type of data. All you have to want to do is make
it available to others, either on your local area network or to the Internet as a
whole.
<H6></H6>
<P><A NAME="Heading5<A HREF="../art/49/50lnx02.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077">FIGURE
49.2.</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"> </FONT><I>WAIS displays the search results
with a score.</I>
<H6></H6>
<P><A NAME="Heading6<A HREF="../art/49/50lnx03.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077">FIGURE
49.3.</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"> </FONT><I>Selecting any entry on the WAIS
search results lets you see the file.</I></P>
<P>The freeWAIS package has three parts to it: an indexer, a WAIS server, and a client.
The indexer handles database information and generates an index that contains keywords
and a table indicating the words' occurrences. The server component does the matching
between a user's requests and the indexed files. The client is the user's vehicle
to access WAIS, and is usually a WAIS or WWW browser. WWW browsers usually have an
advantage over WAIS browsers in that the latter cannot display HTML documents.</P>
<P>A follow-up backwards-compatible WAIS system is currently available in a beta
version called ZDIST. ZDIST's behavior will be much like freeWAIS, with any changes
noted in the documentation. ZDIST adds some new features and is a little smaller
and faster than freeWAIS. Because of the unstable beta nature of ZDIST, we'll concentrate
on freeWAIS here.
<H3 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading7<FONT COLOR="#000077">Compiling and Installing
freeWAIS</FONT></H3>
<P>The freeWAIS software is often included in a complete Linux distribution CD-ROM
but is also readily available from many FTP and BBS sites. Alternatively, it can
be obtained by anonymous FTP from the <TT>CNIDR</TT> site as <TT>ftp.cnidr.org</TT>.
The freeWAIS system resides in the directory <TT>ftp://ftp.cnidr.org/pub/NIDR.tools/freewais/</TT>.
The <TT>CNIDR</TT> site has many binaries available for different machines, as well
as generic source code that can be tailored to many different systems.</P>
<P>One of the files in the distribution software, which should be placed in the destination
directory, is the <TT>Makefile</TT> used to create the program. If you are compiling
the freeWAIS source yourself, examine the <TT>Makefile</TT> to ensure the variables
are set correctly. Most are fine by default, pointing to standard Linux utilities.
The following lists some of the exceptions that you may have to tweak:<BR>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"><TT>CC</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%">The name of the C compiler you use (usually <TT>cc</TT> or <TT>gcc</TT>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"><TT>CURSELIB</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%">Set to the current version of the <TT>curses</TT> library on your system.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"><TT>TOP</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%">The full path to the freeWAIS source directory.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR>
The <TT>CFLAGS</TT> options let you specify compiler flags when the freeWAIS source
is compiled. Many options are supported, all explained in the documentation files
that accompany the source. Most of the flag settings can be left as their default
values in Linux systems. A few of the specific flags you may want to alter are worth
mentioning, though. The most useful are the indexer flags, two of which are potentially
useful:<BR>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DBIO</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Used to allow indexing on biological symbols and terms. Use only if your site deals
with biological documents.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DBOOLEANS</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Enables you to use Booleans as <TT>AND</TT> and <TT>NOT</TT>. This flag can be handy
for extending the power of searches.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR>
The <TT>-DBOOLEANS</TT> flag handles logical searches. For example, if you are looking
for the keywords "green leaf," WAIS by default searches for the words green
and leaf separately and judges matches on the two words independently. With the <TT>-DBOOLEANS</TT>
flag set, the two words can be <TT>AND</TT>ed together so a match has to be with
the two-word term "green leaf."</P>
<P>A couple of other flags that may be useful for freeWAIS sites deal with the behavior
of the system as a whole:<BR>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DBIGINDEX</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Should be set when there are many (thousands) of documents to index.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DLITERAL</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Allows a literal search for a string, as opposed to using partial hits <BR>
on the string's component words.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DPARTIALWORD</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Allows searches with asterisks as wildcards (such as <TT>auto*</TT>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>-DRELEVANCE_FEEDBACK</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Set to <TT>ON</TT>, enables clients to use previous search results as search <BR>
criteria for a new search. This is a useful option.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR>
A number of directories are included in the distribution software, most of which
are of obvious intent (<TT>bin</TT> for binaries, <TT>man</TT> for man pages, and
so on). The directories used by freeWAIS in its default configuration are listed
here:<BR>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>bin</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">Binaries</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>config.c</TT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%" VALIGN="TOP">C source code for configuration</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP">
<UL>
<LI> 
</UL>
</TD>
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