ch33.htm

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

			Any number of additional views may be made in this manner. Changes made to a drawing

			through one view appear synchronously in all other views of the same drawing. You

			may also view another drawing in any <TT>idraw</TT> window via the Open command.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Close View</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Closes the current <TT>idraw</TT> window. Closing the last <TT>idraw</TT> window

			is equivalent to issuing a Quit command.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Normal Size</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Sets the magnification to unity so the drawing appears at actual size. A What You

			See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) display.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Reduce to Fit</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Reduces the magnification until the drawing fits entirely within the view.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Center Page</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Modifies the view over the center of a 8.5- by 11-inch page as it's printed. Other

			page sizes are not supported to date.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Orientation</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Toggles the drawing's orientation. If the editor was showing a portrait view of the

			drawing, it now shows a landscape view of the drawing, and vice versa.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Grid on/off</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Toggles <TT>idraw</TT>'s grid on or off. When the grid is on, <TT>idraw</TT> draws

			a grid of equally spaced points behind the drawing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Grid Spacing</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Enables you to change the grid spacing by specifying one or two values in the units

			desired (pixels, points, centimeters, or inches). If two values are given (separated

			by a space), the first specifies the horizontal spacing, and the second specifies

			the vertical spacing. One value specifies equal horizontal and vertical spacing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Gravity on/off Toggle</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Toggles gravity on or off. Gravity constrains tool operation to the grid, whether

			or not the grid is visible.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>



<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading16<FONT COLOR="#000077">Changes to Xdefaults</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>You can customize the number of changes that can be undone and the font, brush,

pattern, or color menus by setting resources in your Xdefaults database. Each string

of the form <TT>idraw.resource:definition</TT> sets a resource. For example, to customize

any of the paint menus, set a resource given by the concatenation of the menu's name

and the entry's number (such as <TT>idraw.pattern8</TT>) for each entry that you

want to override. All menus use the number 1 for the first entry.</P>

<P>You must set resources only for the entries that you want to override, not for

all of them. If you want to add entries to the menus, simply set resources for them.

However, don't skip any numbers after the end of the menu, because the menu ends

at the first undefined resource. To shorten a menu instead of extending it, specify

a blank string as the resource for the entry following the last item on the menu.

The <TT>idraw</TT> application understands the resources listed in Table 33.1. Table

33.1. The idraw resources. <BR>

<BR>



<TABLE BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>history</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Sets the maximum number of changes that can be undone (20 by default).</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>initialfont</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specifies the font that is active on startup. Supply a number that identifies the

			font by its position in the Font menu, starting from 1 for the first entry.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>font</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Defines a custom font to use for an entry in the Font menu. Give three strings, separated

			by whitespace. The first string defines the font's name; the second string defines

			the corresponding print font; and the third string defines the print size. For example,

			<TT>idraw.font3:8x13bold Courier-Bold 13</TT> defines the third font entry.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>initialbrush</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specifies the brush that is active on startup. Give a number that identifies the

			brush by its position in the Brush menu, starting from 1 for the first entry. Define

			a custom brush to use for an entry in the Brush menu. The definition requires two

			numbers: a 16-bit hexadecimal number to define the brush's line style (each 1 bit

			draws a dash and each 0 bit produces a gap) and a decimal integer to define the brush's

			width in pixels. For example, <TT>idraw.brush2:ffff 1</TT> defines a single pixel-wide

			solid line. If the definition specifies only the string <TT>none</TT>, it defines

			the nonexistent brush.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>initialpattern</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specifies the pattern that is active on startup. Give a number that identifies the

			pattern by its position in the Pattern menu, starting from 1 for the first entry.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>pattern</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Defines a custom pattern to use for an entry in the Pattern menu. You can specify

			the pattern from a 16x16 bitmap, an 8x8 bitmap, a 4x4 bitmap, a grayscale number,

			or the string <TT>none</TT>. You specify the 16x16 bitmap with sixteen 16-bit hexadecimal

			numbers, the 8x8 bitmap with eight 8-bit hexadecimal numbers, the 4x4 bitmap with

			a single 16-bit hexadecimal number, and the grayscale number with a single floating-point

			number. The floating-point number must contain a period to distinguish itself from

			the single hexadecimal number, and it must lie between 0.0 and 1.0, with 0.0 corresponding

			to a solid pattern and 1.0 to a clear pattern. On the printer, the bitmap patterns

			appear as bitmaps, the grayscale patterns appear as halftoned shades, and the <TT>none</TT>

			patterns never obscure any underlying graphics. For example, <TT>idraw.pattern8:8421</TT>

			defines a diagonally hatched pattern.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>initialfgcolor</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specify the foreground color that is active on startup. Give a number that identifies

			the color by its position in the FgColor menu, starting from 1 for the first entry,

			fgcolor. Define a custom color to use for an entry in the FgColor menu. Give a string

			defining the name of the color, and (optionally) three decimal numbers between 0

			and 65,535 following the name to define the red, green, and blue components of the

			color's intensity. The intensities override the name; that is, <TT>idraw</TT> looks

			up the name in a window system database of common colors only if you omit the intensities.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>initialbgcolor</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specifies the background color that is active on startup. Give a number that identifies

			the color by its position in the BgColor menu, starting from 1 for the first entry.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="108" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>bgcolor</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Defines a custom color to use for the entry in the BgColor menu. The same rules apply

			to background colors as to foreground colors.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>



<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading17<FONT COLOR="#000077">ibuild</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>The <TT>ibuild</TT> package is an editor that enables you to graphically create

a user interface for an Interviews application. The <TT>ibuild</TT> application can

save your work as an external file, or as actual C++ code that, when compiled, generates

the same user interface that you would create with <TT>ibuild</TT>. You restore a

previously saved interface by typing <TT>ibuild</TT> and the interface filename on

the command line. (See Figure 33.4.)

<H6><A HREF="../art/33/28lnx04.jpg</H6>

<P><A NAME="Heading18<A HREF="../art/33/28lnx04.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>FIGURE

33.4.</B></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"> </FONT><I>The <TT>ibuild</TT> application.</I>



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading19<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP:</B> </FONT>The <TT>idraw</TT>

	and <TT>ibuild</TT> applications are very similar in terms of the semantics for editing

	and other viewing commands. If you learn one of these two tools, you will feel at

	home with the other. 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>The <TT>ibuild</TT> application uses the <TT>TOOLDIR</TT> environment variable

for its tools and other parameters. If <TT>TOOLDIR</TT> is not defined, <TT>ibuild</TT>

looks for its parameters in the current working directory.</P>

<P>Let's examine the layout of the menus.</P>

<P>The first row of an <TT>ibuild</TT> editor displays information about its brush

(border width), foreground and background color, and so on in a fashion similar to

that in <TT>idraw</TT>. The next two rows show tools that initiate direct manipulation

and pull-down menus that contain commands. A panner on the top-right corner lets

you pan and zoom the workspace.</P>

<P>The middle portion of the editor shows the workspace for composing and assembling

user interface components.</P>

<P>The bottom of the editor contains rows of objects in the form of names and iconic

drawings that represent familiar Interviews abstractions. Clicking on one tool, dragging,

and releasing it in the workspace enables a user to place an instance of the corresponding

prototype at the desired location.</P>

<P>Direct manipulation tools lie horizontally along <TT>ibuild</TT>'s second row.

You must engage a tool before you can use it. You engage a tool by clicking on its

icon, or by typing the character below and to the right of its icon. The icon of

the tool that's engaged appears in inverted colors. When it is engaged, you use the

tool by clicking the left mouse button in the workspace.</P>

<P>The Select, Move, Resize, Examine, Relate, and Edit tools manipulate text-based

user interface components. Magnify makes a part of the view expand to fill the entire

view. Narrow enables a user to navigate the structure of a composed interface in

the same editor.</P>

<P>The <TT>ibuild</TT> application provides the following tools:



<UL>

	<LI>Select

	<P>

	<LI>Move

	<P>

	<LI>Resize

	<P>

	<LI>Examine

	<P>

	<LI>Info

	<P>

	<LI>Relate

	<P>

	<LI>Edit

	<P>

	<LI>Magnify

	<P>

	<LI>Narrow

	<P>

	<LI>Create

	<P>

	<LI>Tools

	<P>

	<LI>Execute

	<P>

	<LI>Quit

</UL>



<P>The Select tool is used for selecting an object and unselecting all others. An

object is selected if its handles are visible. Handles are small inverse-video squares

that surround the object. If you hold down the Shift key, Select extends the selection.

It selects the unselected component (or unselects the selected component) you clicked

on, but does not unselect other selections. Clicking anywhere other than on a component

unselects everything. You may also drag a rubberband rectangle around a group of

components to select all of them simultaneously.



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading20<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP: </B></FONT>The right mouse

	button invokes the Select button while the mouse is in the workspace. 

<HR>



</DL>





<UL>

	<LI>The move button is used for moving objects from one spot to another.

</UL>





<DL>