ch33.htm

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

	squares which either surround the graphic or demarcate its important points (such

	as the endpoints of a line).

	<P>

	<LI>If you hold down the Shift key and select an item, it selects the unselected

	graphic (or unselects the selected graphic) you clicked on, but does not affect the

	status of other selections.

	<P>

	<LI>Clicking anywhere other than on a graphic unselects everything. You can also

	drag a rubberband rectangle around a group of graphics to select all of them simultaneously.

	The right mouse button invokes Select while the mouse is in the drawing area.

	<P>

	<LI>Move lets you move graphics from one spot to another.

</UL>





<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading14<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP:</B> </FONT>The middle mouse

	button invokes Move while the mouse is in the drawing area.

<HR>



</DL>





<UL>

	<LI>Scale is used to resize graphics about their centers.

	<P>

	<LI>Stretch lets you stretch graphics vertically or horizontally, while tying down

	the opposite edge.

	<P>

	<LI>Rotate enables you to rotate graphics about their centers, according to the angle

	between two radii: the one defined by the original clicking point and the one defined

	by the current dragging point.

	<P>

	<LI>Alter is used to alter a graphic's structure. See the rest of the descriptions

	of tools to see how Alter affects each tool individually.

	<P>

	<LI>Magnify is used to magnify a portion of the drawing specified by sweeping out

	a rectangular area. The <TT>idraw</TT> application magnifies the area to occupy the

	entire screen, if possible.

	<P>

	<LI>Text inserts textual data. Create some text. Left-click to position the first

	line of text, and then type as much text as you want. The input can be edited using

	<TT>emacs</TT>-style keystrokes. You can leave text editing mode by typing <TT>ESC</TT>

	or simply clicking somewhere else. The Alter tool lets you edit the text in an existing

	text graphic.

	<P>

	<LI>Line creates a line. The Shift key constrains the line to lie on either the vertical

	or the horizontal axis. You may left-click with the Alter tool on either endpoint

	of a line to move the endpoint to a new location.

	<P>

	<LI>Multiline lets you create a set of connected lines. The Shift key constrains

	each segment to lie on either the vertical or the horizontal axis. Each left-click

	starts a new segment (adds a vertex). Each right-click removes the last vertex added.

	The middle button finalizes the multiline. The Alter tool lets you move, add, and

	remove vertices from an existing multiline.

	<P>

	<LI>Open Spline creates an open B-spline. The Shift key constrains each control point

	to lie on either the vertical or the horizontal axis with the preceding point. Each

	left-click adds a control point. Each right-click removes the last control point

	added. The middle button finalizes the spline. The Alter tool lets you move, add,

	and remove control points from an existing open spline.

	<P>

	<LI>Ellipse enables you to create an ellipse. The Shift key constrains the ellipse

	to the shape of a circle. The Alter tool does not affect ellipses.

	<P>

	<LI>Rectangle enables you to create a rectangle. The Shift key constrains the rectangle

	to the shape of a square. The Alter tool lets you move the rectangle's corners independently

	to form a four-sided polygon.

	<P>

	<LI>Polygon enables you to create a polygon. The Shift key constrains each side to

	lie on either the vertical or the horizontal axis. Each left-click starts a new segment

	(adds a vertex). Each right-click removes the last vertex added. The middle button

	finalizes the polygon.

	<P>

	<LI>The Alter tool lets you move, add, and remove vertices from an existing polygon.

	<P>

	<LI>Closed Spline enables you to create a closed B-spline in the same manner that

	you create an open B-spline.

</UL>



<H4 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading15<FONT COLOR="#000077">idraws Pull-Down

Menus</FONT></H4>

<P>The pull-down menus File, Edit, Structure, Font, Brush, Pattern, FgColor, BgColor,

Align, and View, located above the drawing area, contain commands for editing the

drawing and controlling <TT>idraw</TT>'s execution. The File menu contains the following

commands to operate on files:<BR>

<BR>



<TABLE BORDER="0">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">New</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Destroys the current drawing and replaces it with an unnamed blank drawing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Revert</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Rereads the current drawing, destroying any unsaved changes.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Open...</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Specifies an existing drawing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Save As</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Saves the current drawing in a file with a specific name.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Save</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Saves the current drawing in the file from which it came.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Print...</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Sends a PostScript version of the drawing to a printer or a file.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Import Graphic...</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Can import images from files in the following formats: TIFF; PostScript generated

			by <TT>pgmtops</TT>, <TT>ppmtops</TT>, and <TT>idraw</TT>; X bitmap format; and Unidraw

			format.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Quit</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Quits <TT>idraw</TT>.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>

The Edit menu contains the following commands for editing graphics:<BR>

<BR>



<TABLE BORDER="0">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Undo</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Successive Undo commands undo previous editing operations.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Redo</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Successive Redo commands redo subsequent editing operations up to the first operation

			undone by Undo. Undone operations that have not been redone are lost as soon as a

			new operation is performed.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Cut, Copy, Paste</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Removes the selected graphics from the drawing and places them in a temporary storage

			area. Copy keeps the original on the drawing area. Paste puts the contents of the

			storage area, if any, into the location selected by the mouse.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Duplicate</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Duplicates the selected graphics and adds the copies to the drawing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">Delete</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Destroys all selected graphics.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Select All</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Selects every graphic in the drawing.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Flip Horizontal, <BR>

			Flip Vertical</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Flips the selected graphics into their mirror images along the horizontal or vertical

			axis.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">90 degrees Clockwise <BR>

			and CounterCW</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Rotate the selected graphics 90 degrees clockwise or <BR>

			counterclockwise.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="120" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Precise Move...,<BR>

			Precise Scale...,<BR>

			Precise Rotate...</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">These buttons let you move, scale, or rotate graphics byexact amounts that you type

			in a dialog box. You can specify movements in pixels, points, centimeters, or inches.

			Scalings are specified in terms of magnification factors in the horizontal and vertical

			dimensions. Rotations are always in degrees.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>

The Structure menu contains the following commands to modify the structure of the

drawing, which is the order in which graphics are drawn: <BR>

<BR>



<TABLE BORDER="0">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="101" ALIGN="LEFT">Group</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Collects the selected graphics in a newly created picture. <BR>

			A picture is simply a graphic that contains other graphics. Group enables you to

			build hierarchies of graphics.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="101" ALIGN="LEFT">Ungroup</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Dissolves any selected pictures.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="101" ALIGN="LEFT">Bring To Front</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Brings the selected graphics to the front of the drawing so that they are drawn on

			top of (after) other graphics.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="101" ALIGN="LEFT">Send To Back</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Sends the selected graphics to the back of the drawing so that they are drawn behind

			(before) other graphics.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>

The Font menu contains a set of fonts in which to display text. When you set the

current font from the menu, you also set the font of all selected graphics to that

font. A font indicator in the upper-right corner displays the current font.</P>

<P>The Brush menu contains a set of brushes with which to draw lines. When you set

the current brush from the menu, you also set the brush of all selected graphics

to that brush. The nonexistent brush draws invisible lines and non-outlined graphics.</P>

<P>The arrowhead brushes add arrowheads to one or both ends of lines, multilines,

and open splines. A brush indicator in the upper-left corner displays the current

brush.</P>

<P>The Pattern menu contains a set of patterns with which to fill graphics, but not

text. Text always appears solid, but you can use a different color than black to

get a halftoned shade. When you set the current pattern from the menu, you also set

the pattern of all the selected graphics to that pattern. The nonexistent pattern

draws unfilled graphics, while the other patterns draw graphics filled with a bitmap

or a halftoned shade.</P>

<P>The FgColor and BgColor menus contain a set of colors with which to draw graphics

and text. When you set the current foreground or background color from the FgColor

or BgColor menu, you also set the foreground or background color of all the selected

graphics. The ON bits in the bitmaps for dashed lines and fill patterns appear in

the foreground color; the OFF bits appear in the background color.</P>

<P>A black-and-white printer prints a halftoned shade of gray for any color other

than black or white. The brush, pattern, and font indicators all reflect the current

colors.</P>

<P>The Align menu contains commands to align graphics with other graphics.</P>

<P>The first graphic selected stays fixed, while the other graphics move in the order

that they were selected according to the type of alignment chosen. The last Align

command, Align to Grid, aligns a key point on each selected graphic to the nearest

point on <TT>idraw</TT>'s grid.</P>

<P>The View menu contains the following commands: <BR>

<BR>



<TABLE BORDER="0">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="96" ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">New View</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Creates a duplicate <TT>idraw</TT> window containing a second view of the current

			drawing. The second view may be panned, zoomed, and edited independently of the first.