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<H1></H1>



<UL>

	<LI><A HREF="#Heading1">- Appendix D -</A>

	<UL>

		<LI><A HREF="#Heading2">The GNU General Public License</A>

		<UL>

			<LI><A HREF="#Heading3">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 2, June 1991</A>

			<LI><A HREF="#Heading4">E.1. Preamble</A>

			<LI><A HREF="#Heading5">E.2. GNU General Public License: Terms and Conditions for

			Copying, Distribution, and Modification</A>

			<LI><A HREF="#Heading6">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A>

			<LI><A HREF="#Heading7

		</UL>

	</UL>

</UL>



<P>

<HR SIZE="4">



<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading1<FONT COLOR="#000077">- Appendix D -</FONT></H2>

<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading2<FONT COLOR="#000077">The GNU General Public

License</FONT></H2>

<P>Linux is licensed under the GNU General Public License (the GPL or copyleft),

which is reproduced here to clear up some of the confusion about Linux's copyright

status.</P>

<P>Linux is not shareware, nor is it in the public domain. The bulk of the Linux

kernel has been copyrighted since 1993 by Linus Torvalds, and other software and

parts of the kernel are copyrighted by their authors. Thus, Linux is copyrighted.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document,

but changing it is not allowed.</P>

<P>However, you may redistribute it under the terms of the GPL, which follows.

<H3 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading3<FONT COLOR="#000077">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC

LICENSE, Version 2, June 1991</FONT></H3>

<P><I>Copyright 1989, 1991</I></P>

<P><I>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</I></P>

<P><I>675 Mass Ave.</I></P>

<P><I>Cambridge, MA 02139<BR>

USA</I><BR>

<BR>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document,

but changing it is not allowed.

<H3 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading4<FONT COLOR="#000077">E.1. Preamble</FONT></H3>

<P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share

and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee

your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free

for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software

Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.

(Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General

Public License instead.)</P>

<P>You can apply it to your programs, too.</P>

<P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General

Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute

copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish); that you receive

source code or can get it if you want it; that you can change the software or use

pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.</P>

<P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny

you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.</P>

<P>These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute

copies of the software, or if you modify it.</P>

<P>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for

a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure

that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these

terms so they know their rights.</P>

<P>We protect your rights with two steps:



<DL>

	<DD><B>1. </B>Copyright the software, and<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2. </B>Offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute

	and/or modify the software.

</DL>



<P>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone

understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is

modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what

they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not

reflect on the original authors' reputations.</P>

<P>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish

to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain

patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have

made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed

at all.</P>

<P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution, and modification follow.

<H3 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Heading5<FONT COLOR="#000077">E.2. GNU General

Public License: Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution, and Modification</FONT></H3>

<P>0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed

by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General

Public License. The &quot;Program,&quot; below, refers to any such program or work,

and &quot;a work based on the Program&quot; means either the Program or any derivative

work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion

of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term &quot;modification.&quot;)

Each licensee is addressed as &quot;you.&quot;</P>

<P>Activities other than copying, distribution, and modification are not covered

by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not

restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute

a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).</P>

<P>Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.



<DL>

	<DD><B>1.</B> You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source

	code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately

	publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty;

	keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any

	warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along

	with the Program.<BR>

	You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at

	your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2. </B>You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus

	forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or

	work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these

	conditions:<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	a.</I></B> You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that

	you changed the files and the date of any change.<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	b.</I></B> You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole

	or in part contains <BR>

	or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at

	no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	c.</I></B><I> </I>If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when

	run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most

	ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright

	notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a

	warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and

	telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself

	is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based

	on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)<BR>

	These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections

	of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent

	and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply

	to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute

	the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution

	of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees

	extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote

	it.<BR>

	Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights

	to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control

	the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.<BR>

	In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program

	(or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium

	does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	3.</B> You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section

	2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above, provided

	that you also do one of the following:<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	a.</I></B> Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code,

	which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily

	used for software interchange; or,<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	b.</I></B> Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to

	give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing

	source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source

	code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily

	used for software interchange; or,<BR>

	<B><I><BR>

	c.</I></B> Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute

	corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution

	and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such

	an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)<BR>

	The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications

	to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for

	all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the