📄 ch02.htm
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dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 17:42 k5/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 17:41 k6/
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 16541 Oct 31 18:18 makeflop
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 30 03:21 n1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 17:24 n2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Dec 2 03:17 n3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Dec 2 03:16 n4/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 21 04:30 n5/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 18 04:19 n6/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 5 04:36 t1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t4/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t5/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t6/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t7/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t8/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 5 04:36 t9/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 15:05 tcl1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 15:01 tcl2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 4 03:18 x1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x10/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 29 03:17 x11/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x12/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:25 x13/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x14/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:24 x15/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:22 x16/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:33 x17/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:23 x18/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:24 x19/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:31 x20/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:23 x21/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x4/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 29 03:18 x5/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 28 03:22 x6/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x7/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 29 03:18 x8/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 x9/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 10:17 xap1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 10:07 xap2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 4 03:19 xap3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Oct 7 04:19 xap4/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 xd1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 xd2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:44 xd3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Nov 2 03:28 xd4/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 08:49 xv1/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 17:40 xv2/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 16:19 xv3/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 14:16 y1/
</FONT></PRE>
<P>Listing 2.1 shows the contents of the CD-ROM distribution disk's directory. Examine
the output carefully. You will see that the A set consists of eight disks: a1 through
a8. Similarly, the AP set consists of five disks: ap1, ap2, ap3, ap4, and ap5.
<DL>
<DT></DT>
</DL>
<DL>
<DD>
<HR>
<A NAME="Heading15<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT>Slackware does
not maintain a complete list of disk space requirements for each disk set. You need
at least 7MB of hard disk space just to install just the A series of disks; a very
rough estimate of the required disk space would be 2 or 2.5MB per disk for all other
sets. With the price of hard drives falling these days, it should not be difficult
to find a fairly cheap 1GB drive.
<HR>
</DL>
<P>You will see similar directory structures on the FTP sites. This style of distribution
is very helpful when you might have a bad distribution disk and would have to download
from only one directory.</P>
<P>If you want to install Slackware from floppies rather than the hard drive, you'll
need to have one blank, DOS-formatted floppy for each Slackware disk you want to
work with.</P>
<P>The A disk set (disks A1 through A8) may be either 3.5- or 5.25-inch floppies.
The rest of the disk sets, however, must be 3.5-inch disks.
<DL>
<DT></DT>
</DL>
<DL>
<DD>
<HR>
<A NAME="Heading16<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000">Y</FONT>ou
do not need to modify or uncompress the files on the disks; just copy them to DOS
floppies. The Slackware installation procedure takes care of uncompressing the files
for you at the time of installation.
<HR>
</DL>
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading17<FONT COLOR="#000077">Whats in a Package in a Disk Set?</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<P>One way to tell whether you need a package is to look in the <TT>contents</TT>
directory on the CD-ROM. This directory contains descriptions of all the packages
and their files. For example, look at the files in the XAP package's first disk,
xap1, shown in Listing 2.2.
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading18<FONT COLOR="#000077">Listing 2.2. Checking the contents
of a Linux package.</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">
$ ls -l /cdrom/slakware/xd1
total 1402
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Aug 9 10:17 ./
dr-xr-xr-x 94 root root 12288 Nov 30 03:20 ../
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 571 Dec 5 12:59 TRANS.TBL
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 2423 Dec 2 1995 diskxap1
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 722979 Aug 7 1995 gchess.tgz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 59753 Aug 7 1995 ghstview.tgz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 253161 Aug 7 1995 gnuplot.tgz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 188273 Jun 12 1995 gs_x11.tgz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1809 Jun 10 1996 maketag
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 2277 Jun 10 1996 maketag.ez
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 129045 Nov 25 1995 seyon.tgz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 278 Jun 10 1996 tagfile
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 278 Jun 10 1996 tagfile.org
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 223 Jun 10 1996 tagfile.pat
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 41994 Nov 22 1995 xxgdb.tgz
</FONT></PRE>
<P>The xap1 disk contains the file <TT>xxgdb.tgz</TT>, among others. I want to know
more about this package; the name <TT>xxgdb.tgz</TT> doesn't tell me much. So what
do I do? The way to look at a file description is to look at header files in the
<TT>contents</TT> directory. The name of a description file is the prefix of the
file's name. In this case, it is <TT>xf_kit</TT>. Listing 2.3 shows the contents
of the <TT>xxgdb</TT> file.
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading19<FONT COLOR="#000077">Listing 2.3. Looking at the contents
of a package.</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">
$ head /cdrom/contents/xxgdb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Nov 22 14:02 1995 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Aug 7 20:44 1995 usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Aug 7 20:44 1995 usr/X11R6/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Nov 22 14:00 1995 usr/X11R6/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/bin 84608 Nov 22 14:00 1995 usr/X11R6/bin/xxgdb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Aug 7 20:44 1995 usr/X11R6/man/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Nov 22 14:01 1995 usr/X11R6/man/man1/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 4431 Nov 22 14:01 1995 usr/X11R6/man/man1/xxgdb.1.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Oct 9 20:42 1994 var/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Apr 27 20:59 1994 var/X11R6/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Oct 9 20:42 1994 var/X11R6/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 Dec 11 21:01 1993 var/X11R6/lib/app-defaults/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 2916 Nov 22 14:01 1995 var/X11R6/lib/app-defaults/XDbx
$
</FONT></PRE>
<P>From the description, I see that file's size is about 84KB, which is about twice
the size of the archive and not the size of the uncompressed package. So do not be
misled by the size of the archives; the uncompressed packages will eat up more disk
space.</P>
<P>You can find similar descriptions for all the packages. This makes it easier for
you to identify and install only the packages you need.
<DL>
<DT></DT>
</DL>
<DL>
<DD>
<HR>
<A NAME="Heading20<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP: </B></FONT>If you are going
to mail order, order a CD-ROM version of the Linux distribution. Not only will you
pay less in shipping, but the CD-ROM media is very robust compared to the diskettes.
The time saved in installing from CD-ROM rather than floppies might indeed be worth
the purchase of a CD-ROM drive.
<HR>
</DL>
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading21<FONT COLOR="#000077">Obtaining Linux from BBSs</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<P>A bulletin board system (BBS) enables you to transfer messages and files via your
phone line. All you need is a computer with communications software and a modem.
Some BBSs transfer messages among themselves, forming large computer networks similar
to Usenet. The most popular of these in the United States are FidoNet and RIME.</P>
<P>Linux is available from various BBSs worldwide. Some of the BBSs on FidoNet carry
<TT>comp.os.linux</TT> as a FidoNet conference.
<DL>
<DT></DT>
</DL>
<DL>
<DD>
<HR>
<A NAME="Heading22<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE: </B></FONT>While you are installing
Linux, you might get the error <TT>You may have inserted the wrong disk</TT> when
you insert the next disk in a series. Each disk has a small file on it that contains
the name of the disk. For example, the a3 disk has a file on it called <TT>diska3</TT>.
If it doesn't exist or is named something else (such as <TT>diska3.z</TT>), create
it or rename it. If you copied the files to the floppies using <TT>copy *.*</TT>,
you probably missed the <TT>diska3</TT> file because it doesn't have an extension
in the filename. Also, the last disk in a series (for example, the a8 or x21 disk)
has a file on it called <TT>install.end</TT>. You need this file as well. These files
are used by the installation programs to keep track of when to stop installing a
package.
<HR>
</DL>
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading23<FONT COLOR="#000077">Accessing DOS Files from Linux</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<P>Linux supports several features you can use to access your DOS files from Linux.
With the mtools package, included with most distributions of Linux, you can use commands
such as <TT>mcopy</TT> and <TT>mdir</TT> to access your DOS files. Another option
is to mount a DOS partition or floppy directly under Linux, which gives you direct
access to your files by way of the DOS file system.</P>
<P>You will find the mtools package indispensable if you have to swap files between
DOS and Linux. When you first start Linux from a DOS machine, it's comforting to
know that you can transfer files easily between two machines that are running different
operating systems. So don't worry; you will not have to give up your familiar DOS
environment.</P>
<P>Why use mtools if you can just mount a DOS drive? mtools is good if you want to
do something quickly--for example, if you want to get directories on a bunch of floppies.
The mount procedure requires you to mount the drive, get a directory, and then <TT>umount</TT>
it. With mtools, you can get the directory with one command.</P>
<P>mtools also comes with the Slackware release of Linux and is available in source
code form on most Linux FTP sites. This mtools source tree can prove to be interesting
reading, especially if you are a programmer.</P>
<P>A DOS emulator for Linux is also available, and there is a stable version of a
Microsoft Windows emulator that runs under the X Window System. The DOS emulator
isn't perfect, so don't expect to play Doom (Id Software) on this emulator. DOSemu
is still in development stages. You can use it to run some standard applications
such as WordPerfect 5.1, Quicken, and Lotus 1-2-3. See Chapter 62, "DOSemu."
<CENTER>
<H3><A NAME="Heading24<FONT COLOR="#000077">Summary</FONT></H3>
</CENTER>
<P>This chapter has given you a whirlwind tour of what's available for Linux. You
also learned about Linux releases and how to interpret the release numbers.</P>
<P>We covered the Slackware release in greater detail than other Linux releases.
This preferential treatment results from the fact that the Slackware release is included
on the CD-ROM that comes with this book and is included in the book's title.</P>
<P>Each Linux release consists of several disk sets. Each disk set contains many
files. Some of these files are just labels, and some are called packages. A package
is generally a compressed tar archive containing binary files and directory trees.
You now know how to determine which types of files are stored in each disk set.</P>
<P>You also know how to get Linux from lots of other sources, including mail order
companies, BBSs, and other CD-ROM vendors.</P>
<P>Finally, for DOS fans, Linux provides a host of tools to read or write DOS disks
and files. You can even get DOS emulators to run DOS programs under Linux. Any DOS
partitions can be mounted to appear as directory trees, so you can still work with
your data on DOS disks.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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