ch24.htm

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

	<B><BR>

	2.</B> Put the mouse pointer anywhere within the selection.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	3. </B>Press and hold down the SELECT mouse button and move the mouse pointer a little

	to the right. You'll see the cursor change into the first three letters of the text

	(or some other icon).<BR>

	<B><BR>

	4.</B> Still holding down the SELECT button, move the mouse over the point where

	you want to drop the text.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	5. </B>You may see the mouse pointer change to a rifle sight or target, to show that

	it's OK to drop things there.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	6. </B>Release SELECT and the text is moved. This works in text fields of dialog

	boxes as well as in text subwindows.

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading45<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP:</B> </FONT>To drag-and-drop

	to copy a selection, you must hold the Ctrl key down as well as the SELECT mouse

	button. 

<HR>



</DL>



<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading46<FONT COLOR="#000077">Support for Left-Handed Users</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>You can configure OPEN LOOK for a left-handed mouse and keyboard. Use <TT>xmodmap</TT>

to change the mouse buttons. Type <TT>man 7 XView</TT> for a list of key bindings

you can change, at least for XView programs.



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading47<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>CAUTION:</B> </FONT>Unlike the Motif

	release, the <TT>xmodmap</TT> for mouse-key reversal sometimes does not work right.

	In fact, it may actually reverse some keys on your keyboard or have some other surprising

	results. You have been warned. 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>With OpenWindows 2.0, you can use <TT>defaultsedit</TT> to set the mouse mappings

and then let SunView handle them. The status returned by <TT>svenv</TT> should tell

you whether your server is running under SunView; put this in your <TT>.xinitrc</TT>:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">if eval `svenv -env`

then

      xmodmap -e &quot;pointer = 1 2 3&quot;

      input_from_defaults

else

      xmodmap -e &quot;pointer = 3 2 1&quot;



fi

</FONT></PRE>

<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading48<FONT COLOR="#000077">Troubleshooting</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>Here are some solutions to problems you might have:



<UL>

	<LI>If <TT>man</TT> doesn't seem to find OpenWindows commands, even though you are

	running OpenWindows, try setting the <TT>MANPATH</TT> environment variable:

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

MANPATH=$OPENWINHOME/share/man:/usr/man; export MANPATH

</FONT></PRE>

<P>or</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">setenv MANPATH $OPENWINHOME/share/man:/usr/man

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<P>for <TT>csh</TT> users. <TT>$OPENWINHOME</TT> should be <TT>/usr/openwin</TT>

	on most systems. Set your path so that <TT>$OPENWINHOME/bin</TT> (and <TT>$OPENWIN/bin/XView</TT>

	for OpenWindows 2) come before<TT> /bin</TT> (or <TT>/usr/bin</TT>, they're the same),

	or you'll get the SunView versions of <TT>mailtool</TT>, <TT>cmdtool</TT>, <TT>shelltool</TT>,

	and so on.

	<LI>Dropped characters when you type into applications.

	<P>In this case, include the following lines in your <TT>.Xdefaults</TT> file, as

	these enable non-ICCCM-compliant programs to receive input even if they forget to

	ask for it.

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

OpenWindows.FocusLenience:    true

</FONT></PRE>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">*Input: TRUE

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<LI>CUT and PASTE just do not work. Add the following either to your <TT>$HOME/.Xdefaults</TT>

	file or to <TT>$OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm</TT> instead:

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \

&lt;Key&gt;L6:select-set(CLIPBOARD)\n\

&lt;Key&gt;L8:insert-selection(CLIPBOARD)

</FONT></PRE>

<P>If this text is already in the <TT>app-defaults</TT> file, so if it isn't working,

check that <TT>XFILESEARCHPATH</TT> is set to this:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

/usr/openwin/lib/%T/%N%S

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<P>If it isn't, either set it or copy/merge these lines from <TT>$OPENWINHOME/lib/app-

	defaults/XTerm</TT> into <TT>/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm</TT>.<BR>

	This version automatically puts each <TT>xterm</TT> selection onto the Clipboard:

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

XTerm*VT100.translations: #override\n\

~Ctrl ~Meta&lt;Btn2Up&gt;: insert-selection(PRIMARY,CUT_BUFFER0)\n\

~Ctrl ~Meta&lt;BtnUp&gt;: select-end(PRIMARY,CUT_BUFFER0,CLIPBOARD)\n\

&lt;KeyPress&gt;L8: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD)

</FONT></PRE>



<DL>

	<DT><FONT COLOR="#0066FF"></FONT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading49<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>TIP:</B> </FONT>Be sure that the

	<TT>\n\</TT> is at the very end of all lines in the middle. 

<HR>



</DL>





<UL>

	<LI>If you get error messages that look like the lines

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

Xlib:  connection to &quot;:0.0&quot; refused by server

Xlib:  Internal error during connection authorization check

Error: Can't Open display

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<P>try the command <TT>xhost-machine</TT>, where <TT>machine</TT> is the computer

	on which you ran the command that failed.<BR>

	If you want to let other users run programs on the same machine as you, using your

	display, you have to type the command <TT>xhost +'hostname'</TT>, which lets any

	user on <TT>'hostname'</TT> access your display.

	<LI>Your screen flashes between applications. This is because most hardware can only

	display a few colors at a time. Try the following steps:

</UL>





<DL>

	<DD><B>1. </B>Start all the applications with colors that you wish to reserve.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2.</B> Run <TT>cmap_compact save</TT> to create the <TT>.owcolors</TT> file.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	3. </B>Put the line <TT>cmap_compact init</TT> near the start of your <TT>I start-up</TT>

	file (<TT>.xinitrc</TT>).<BR>

	<B><BR>

	4. </B>Exit and then restart the window system.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	5.<TT> </TT></B><TT>cmap_compact init</TT> pushes those <TT>.owcolors</TT> colors

	to the end of the colormap and reserves them.

</DL>



<P>Also note that Ctrl-L2 locks the colors of the current window, and Ctrl-L4 unlocks

them--this is described in the <TT>olwm</TT> man page.</P>

<P>See the <TT>X*.faq</TT> in the <TT>/usr/docs/faq</TT> directory for detailed information

on problems specific to different platforms. The FAQ file can be give you a lot of

information about Linux and what problems to expect.

<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading50<FONT COLOR="#000077">Environment Variables</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>XView for Linux uses the following environment variables:



<UL>

	<LI><TT>DISPLAY</TT> The name of the X Window display to use <TT>:0.0</TT> (on the

	local machine, the one actually running X11 or <TT>xnews</TT>) <TT>:0.1</TT> (on

	some machines for a second, monochrome screen) <TT>machine-running-unix:0.0</TT>

	(on other machines). (You may need to do <TT>xhost +other-machine</TT> to let programs

	on other machines use your display.)

	<P>

	<LI><TT>HELPPATH</TT> Where XView looks when you press the Help key (or F1): <TT>/usr/openwin/lib/locale:/usr/openwin/lib/help</TT>.

	<P>

	<LI><TT>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</TT> Is set to find shared C libraries. It is usually defaulted

	to this value:

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">     /usr/lib:/usr/5lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/CC/`arch`

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<LI><TT>OPENWINHOME</TT> Where OpenWindows lives (<TT>/usr/openwin</TT>).

	<P>

	<LI><TT>PATH</TT> Where the shell searches for programs to run.

	<P>Include this line in it:

</UL>



<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">$(OPENWINHOME)/bin:$(OPENWINHOME)/bin/xview

</FONT></PRE>



<UL>

	<LI><TT>XFILESEARCHPATH</TT> Where programs look for app-defaults files (<TT>/usr/openwin/lib/%T/%N%S</TT>).

	This is usually set to: <TT>$OPENWINHOME/lib/%T/%N%S:/usr/lib/X11/%T/%N%S</TT>.

</UL>



<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading51<FONT COLOR="#000077">Special Help for Sun Workstation

Users</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>If you work with Sun Microsystems Sun Workstations, then the <TT>olwm</TT> and

<TT>olvwm</TT> managers should make life easier for you. If you want to make life

even easier, you can map the function keys to reflect that of Sun Workstations. To

do this, you have to modify the <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> file in your <TT>home</TT> directory.

If you do not have a <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> file, you can create one with a text editor.</P>

<P>The best place to look is in the man pages for <TT>xmodmap</TT>. The man pages

are full of examples, some of which I will describe briefly here. For issues specific

to your setting, read the man pages.</P>

<P>A typical <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> file will look like this:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">keysym F1 = xman

keysym F2 = F19

keysym F3 = F20

keysym F4 = F16

keysym F5 = F18

</FONT></PRE>

<P>The Undo button is ominously absent from the <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> entries. To get

this entry, add the following line. (The text after the <TT>!</TT> is a comment and

ignored by X.)</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">keysym F6 = F14  ! The undo button.

</FONT></PRE>

<P>For example, if you hate the location of the Shift and Control keys on your PC,

you can swap the location. Simply put these lines in your <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> file:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">remove Lock = Caps_Lock

remove Control = Control_L

keysym Control_L = Caps_Lock

keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L

add Lock = Caps_Lock

add Control = Control_L

</FONT></PRE>

<P>You can also assign the meta key to a function key using this line:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">keysym F9 = Meta_L 

</FONT></PRE>

<P>Finally, when you have made your changes, you have to tell the server to use them.

It's too cumbersome to shut down the window manager and restart it. Instead, you

can use the <TT>rdb</TT> command:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">$ xrdb .Xdefaults 

</FONT></PRE>

<P>You can also invoke specific settings from the command line using <TT>xmodmap</TT>.

For example, type the following line:</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">$ xmodmap -e &quot;keysym F9=Meta_L&quot;

</FONT></PRE>

<P>Modifying the <TT>.Xmodmap</TT> file is better in that the changes are preserved

for future sessions.

<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading52<FONT COLOR="#000077">Internet Sites for XView</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>XView 3.0 is available at <TT>http://www.yggdrasil.com/</TT> and <TT>http://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux</TT>

if you want to upgrade the CD-ROM version.</P>

<P>OpenWindows can be obtained from Sun, or you can get the source from Interactive

Systems, Inc. It is also included in some vendors' System V Release 4 implementations,

although that's not always the latest version.



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading53<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT>The current release

	of OpenWindows from Sun for supported architectures is 3.0; for the Sun 3 series