ch24.htm

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Runs the command specified by the <TT>SaveWorkspaceCmd</TT> resource.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>START_DSDM</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Starts providing the DSDM service.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>STOP_DSDM</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Stops providing the DSDM service.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>WMEXIT</TT></TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Exits the window manager without killing any applications.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>



</CENTER>

<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading32<FONT COLOR="#000077">The Virtual Desktop</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P><TT>olvwm</TT> is a window manager with a virtual desktop. You use the <TT>olvwm</TT>

command to invoke this window manager. Change <TT>olwm</TT> to <TT>olvwm</TT> in

your <TT>.xinitrc</TT> file.</P>

<P><TT>olvwm</TT> is a virtual window manager for the X Window system that implements

parts of the OPEN LOOK graphical user interface. <TT>olvwm</TT> differs from <TT>olwm</TT>

in that <TT>olvwm</TT> manages a virtual desktop that is larger than the actual screen.

<CENTER>

<H4><A NAME="Heading33<FONT COLOR="#000077">The Virtual Desktop Manager</FONT></H4>

</CENTER>

<P>When it is started, <TT>olvwm</TT> displays a Virtual Desktop Manager (VDM) window.

The VDM is the window that provides a scaled-down version of the entire desktop.</P>

<P>If the desktop is running in default mode, it displays a grid, each square of

which maps to the size of the monitor. Each square is termed a logical screen.</P>

<P>The current view is that part of the desktop that is currently displayed on the

screen. A virtual window is a small rectangle displayed in the VDM. Every window

on the desktop has a corresponding virtual window in the VDM.</P>

<P>The VDM always appears on the screen. (See Figure 24.7.)



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>



<H6></H6>

<P><A NAME="Heading34<A HREF="../art/24/24lnx07.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077">FIGURE

24.7.</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"><I> </I></FONT><I>The Virtual Desktop Manager.</I>



<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading35<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE: </B></FONT>&quot;The Virtual

	Desktop&quot; section was authored by Scott Oaks, <TT>[e-mail]</TT>, who

	is also responsible for its maintenance. This <TT>olwm</TT> and <TT>olvwm</TT> code

	is not supported by Sun Microsystems in any way. The staff at Sun Microsystems, and

	especially Stuart Marks, deserve credit as original author(s) of <TT>olwm</TT> for

	most of the work contained in XView. 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>By default, the VDM (and hence the desktop) is divided into a grid. Each square

of the grid represents a screen size. The dividing lines between each logical screen

are represented by dashed lines in the VDM. This division into logical screens is

purely informational. If you like, windows can straddle these boundaries, the current

view into the desktop can straddle them also, and windows can be moved at will between

them. However, by default, most actions in the VDM keep the current view along these

boundary lines.</P>

<P>You can use the resize corners on the VDM to resize the virtual desktop. If you

make the virtual desktop smaller, windows that might be off the new virtual desktop

are not moved (though they are not lost, either, because you can get them back by

resizing the desktop again). Space added or subtracted is always done so from the

right and bottom of the desktop (regardless of which resize corner you used).

<CENTER>

<H4><A NAME="Heading36<FONT COLOR="#000077">Working with Virtual Windows</FONT></H4>

</CENTER>

<P>Events that occur in a particular virtual window behave just as if they were delivered

to the corresponding application's frame. Thus, pressing the MENU button over a virtual

window brings up the Frame menu and enables the real (and virtual) windows to be

opened, closed, resized, and so on.</P>

<P>Pressing the SELECT button selects that real (and virtual) window. Pressing the

ADJUST button adds (or subtracts) that window from the selection list.</P>

<P>SELECTing and dragging one or more virtual windows moves the real and virtual

windows (just as in <TT>olwm</TT>). Note that if you drag the mouse outside of the

VDM, the window can be moved onto to the screen. Conversely, when dragging a window

on the screen, if the mouse moves into the VDM the window's icon moves to another

location within the VDM. However, if part of the VDM is obscured, you cannot move

a window into that part of the VDM.



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading37<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE: </B></FONT>Note that events

	are delivered only to the real application's frame. Thus, typing characters or using

	the COPY/CUT/PASTE keys has no effect. 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>It is possible to drop something onto a virtual window as if it were dropped onto

the corresponding application. This enables you to drag a file from one window on

the screen to another application on another part of the desktop.</P>

<P>Double-clicking the SELECT button on an area in the VDM background moves the current

view to the logical screen containing the point where the mouse was double-clicked.</P>

<P>The MENU button brings up a (pinnable) menu that enables movement based on full

screen sizes in the direction indicated. (See Figure 24.8.)

<H6></H6>

<P><A NAME="Heading38<A HREF="../art/24/24lnx08.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000077">FIGURE

24.8.</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#000077"> </FONT><I>A pinnable menu.</I>

<CENTER>

<H4><A NAME="Heading39<FONT COLOR="#000077">Sticky Windows</FONT></H4>

</CENTER>

<P>You'll notice that the Virtual Desktop Manager never moves on your screen if you

change views into the desktop. That's because the VDM is permanently sticky.</P>

<P>Windows that are sticky never move position on the screen when you change your

view into the desktop. To set a particular window as sticky, simply select Stick

in its Frame menu. You may similarly unstick the window via its menu.</P>

<P>Menus for base windows include the Stick and Unstick commands.



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	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading40<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT>Only base frames--those

	that can be iconified, as opposed to those that have a pushpin--are eligible to become

	sticky. Some frames inherit the stickiness of their base frames. Thus, for most applications,

	either all windows are sticky or none of them are. The exception, to this are applications

	that create two or more base frames. All base frames are originally created as unsticky

	(but see the following discussion on the <TT>VirtualSticky</TT> resource). 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>Windows that are sticky always appear in the same place on the screen no matter

which part of the virtual desktop you're viewing. Windows that are not sticky (by

default, all windows except the VDM) move when you change the current view on the

virtual desktop.</P>

<P>Like <TT>olwm</TT>, <TT>olvwm</TT> uses key bindings for certain actions. All

actions are specified in <TT>olwm</TT> as well as an additional set of actions to

control the view into the desktop. You can use the function keys F1 through F9 with

the Alt key to switch virtual screens.



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading41<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT>The X Window system

	is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. OPEN LOOK is a trademark

	of AT&amp;T. OpenWindows is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Portions &quot;Copyright

	Bigelow &amp; Holmes 1986, 1985. Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow &amp;

	Holmes. Permission to use the Lucida trademark is hereby granted only in association

	with the images and fonts described in this file. Portions may be &quot;1990 Solbourne

	Computers. Portions of <TT>olvwm</TT> not covered under the above copyrights are

	&quot;1991 Scott Oaks. 

<HR>



</DL>



<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading42<FONT COLOR="#000077">Resources in OpenWindows</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>You can customize OpenWindows using resources. Resources affect the behavior of

applications in <TT>olwm</TT>. Global resources in <TT>olwm</TT> consist of two resource

components:



<UL>

	<LI>The resource name is taken from the trailing pathname component of <TT>argv[0]</TT>.

	This value is typically <TT>olwm</TT>.

	<P>

	<LI>The second resource component names the global attribute being set.

</UL>



<P>Thus, to set the <TT>AutoColorFocus</TT> attribute, one would use <TT>olwm.AutoColorFocus</TT>

as the resource specification in <TT>.Xdefaults</TT>. <TT>olvwm</TT> will read a

resource file (<TT>$HOME/.olvwmrc</TT>) for your resources.</P>

<P><TT>olwm</TT> automatically picks up changes to many of these resources if the

resource database changes at runtime. You can modify <TT>olwm</TT>'s behavior by

changing the resource database with <TT>xrdb</TT> or with Workspace Properties.</P>

<P>If a resource value is specified on <TT>olwm</TT>'s command line, it overrides

the value in the resource database. Therefore, changing the resource's value in the

database has no effect on this resource setting.</P>

<P>Some customizations include the following: 

<TABLE BORDER="0">

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="139" ALIGN="LEFT">Hot Keys</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">You can specify that when a certain key (or, more likely, a key in combination with

			modifiers) is pressed, certain actions are performed. You can warp to a particular

			application, and open, raise, close, execute, and quit applications.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="139" ALIGN="LEFT">Screen Bindings</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">You can specify that certain applications will always start on a particular logical

			screen.</TD>

	</TR>

	<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">

		<TD WIDTH="139" ALIGN="LEFT">Menu Options</TD>

		<TD ALIGN="LEFT">You can alter the behavior of WINMENU selections on a particular window.</TD>

	</TR>

</TABLE>

More resources are listed in the man pages for <TT>olwm</TT>, <TT>olvwmrc</TT>, and

<TT>olvwm</TT>.

<CENTER>

<H3><A NAME="Heading43<FONT COLOR="#000077">Using Text-Editing Features</FONT></H3>

</CENTER>

<P>In general, the editing/moving commands go in the opposite direction when shifted--that

is, Ctrl-W deletes a word, and Ctrl-Shift-W deletes the word to the right of the

insertion point.</P>

<PRE><FONT COLOR="#0066FF">

Alt-i - include file        Alt-f - find selection (forward/backward)



Ctrl-a - start of line      Ctrl-&lt; - back word

Ctrl-e - end of line        Ctrl-&gt; - forward word

Ctrl-w - delete word        Ctrl-u - delete to start/END of line

Ctrl-Return - move to end/START of document

</FONT></PRE>

<P>See the <TT>olwm</TT> and <TT>olvwm</TT> man pages for a list of some of the default

keys.</P>

<P>You can and paste between <TT>XTerm</TT> and other OpenWindows programs. I will

use <TT>textedit</TT> as a sample program.</P>

<P>To go from <TT>XTerm</TT> to <TT>textedit</TT> (for this example):



<DL>

	<DD><B>1. </B>Select the text you want to copy by dragging the SELECT mouse button

	in <TT>Xterm</TT>.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2.</B> Press COPY in the <TT>XTerm</TT> (this key is Alt-C).<BR>

	<B><BR>

	3. </B>Move to the <TT>textedit</TT> window, and press PASTE (Alt-V).

</DL>



<P>To go the other way, from <TT>textedit</TT> to <TT>XTerm</TT>:



<DL>

	<DD><B>1. </B>Select the text in <TT>textedit</TT>. No need to use COPY.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2.</B> Move to the <TT>XTerm</TT> window and press the middle mouse button.

</DL>



<P>(If you have a two-button mouse, press both left and right buttons together.)



<DL>

	<DT></DT>

</DL>





<DL>

	<DD>

<HR>

<A NAME="Heading44<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>NOTE:</B> </FONT>You can also use

	the COPY/CUT and PASTE buttons. 

<HR>



</DL>



<P>For Quick Copy within <TT>textedit</TT>, <TT>mailtool</TT>, and similar programs:



<DL>

	<DD><B>1.</B> Click SELECT to get a text caret where you want the copied text to

	go.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	2. </B>Press and hold down the PASTE (or CUT) button.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	3.</B> Select the text you want to copy/move. You'll see that it's underlined or

	crossed out--or even a different color.<BR>

	<B><BR>

	4. </B>Let go of the PASTE (or CUT) button. The text you underlined or crossed out

	appears at the insert caret.

</DL>



<P>To drag-and-drop to move a selection, follow these steps:



<DL>

	<DD><B>1.</B> Select the text you want to copy or move by dragging or multiple-clicking

	the SELECT or ADJUST mouse button.<BR>