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<A NAME="PAGENUM-60"><P>Page 60</P></A>
<P><B>
AVAILABILITY
</B></P>
<P>chattr is available for anonymous ftp from
ftp.ibp.fr and tsx-11.mit.edu in
/pub/linux/packages/ext2fs.
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<P>lsattr(1)
<P>Version 0.5b, November 1994
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 24">
chfn
</A></H3>
<P>chfn—Change your finger information
</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
chfn [ _f full-name ][_o office][_p office-phone ] [ _h home-phone ] [ _u ] [ _v ]
[username ]
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>chfn is used to change your finger information. This information is stored in the
/etc/passwd file, and is displayed by the finger program. The Linux
finger command will display four pieces of information that can be changed by
chfn: your real name, your work room and phone, and your home phone.
<P><B>
COMMAND LINE
</B></P>
<P>Any of the four pieces of information can be specified on the command line. If no information is given on the
command line, chfn enters interactive mode.</P>
<P><B>
INTERACTIVE MODE
</B></P>
<P>In interactive mode, chfn will prompt for each field. At a prompt, you can enter the new information, or just press return
to leave the field unchanged. Enter the keyword
none to make the field blank.
</P>
<P><B>
OPTIONS
</B></P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_f, —full-name
</TD><TD>
Specify your real name.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_o, —office
</TD><TD>
Specify your office room number.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_p, —office-phone
</TD><TD>
Specify your office phone number.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_h, —home-phone
</TD><TD>
Specify your home phone number.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_u, —help
</TD><TD>
Print a usage message and exit.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
-v, —version
</TD><TD>
Print version information and exit.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<P>finger(1), passwd(5)
</P>
<P><B>
AUTHOR
</B></P>
<P>Salvatore Valente (<svalente@mit.edu>)</P>
<P>chfn, October 13 1994
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-61"><P>Page 61</P></A>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 25">
chgrp
</A></H3>
<P>chgrp—Change the group ownership of files
</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
chgrp [_Rcfv] [—recursive] [—changes] [—silent] [—quiet] [—verbose] [—help]
[—version] group file...
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>This manual page documents the GNU version of
chgrp. chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the
named group, which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.
<P><B>
OPTIONS
</B></P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_c, —changes
</TD><TD>
Verbosely describe only files whose ownership actually changes.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_f, —silent, —quiet
</TD><TD>
Do not print error messages about files whose ownership cannot be changed.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_v, —verbose
</TD><TD>
Verbosely describe ownership changes.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_R, —recursive
</TD><TD>
Recursively change ownership of directories and their contents.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
—help
</TD><TD>
Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
—version
</TD><TD>
Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
GNU File Utilities
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 26">
chkdupexe
</A></H3>
<P>chkdupexe—Find duplicate executables
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
chkdupexe
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>chkdupexe will scan many standard directories that hold executable, and report duplicates.
</P>
<P><B>
AUTHOR
</B></P>
<P>Nicolai Langfeldt
<P><B>
BUGS
</B></P>
<P>Requires GNU ls(1).</P>
<P>Search paths that point to the same directory will cause many bogus duplicates to be found. You might want to edit
the script to eliminate some paths that are equivalent on your machine.
</P>
<P>11 March 1995
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 27">
chmod
</A></H3>
<P>chmod—Change the access permissions of files
</P>
<B>
SYNOPSIS
</B>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
chmod [_Rcfv] [—recursive] [—changes] [—silent] [—quiet] [—verbose] [—help]
[—version] mode file...
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<A NAME="PAGENUM-62"><P>Page 62</P></A>
<P><B>
DESCIRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>This manual page documents the GNU version of
chmod. chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to
mode, which can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal number representing the bit pattern for
the new permissions.
</P>
<P>The format of a symbolic mode is
[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]. Multiple symbolic operations can be
given, separated by commas.</P>
<P>A combination of the letters ugoa controls which users' access to the file will be changed: the user who owns it
(u), other users in the file's group (g), other users not in the file's group
(o), or all users (a). If none of these are given, the effect is as if
a were given, but bits that are set in the umask are not affected.
</P>
<P>The operator + causes the permissions selected to be added to the existing permissions of each file;
- causes them to be removed; and = causes them to be the only permissions that the file has.
</P>
<P>The letters rwxXstugo select the new permissions for the affected users: read
(r), write (w), execute (or access for
directories) (x), execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user
(X), set user or group ID on execution (s), save program text on swap device
(t), the permissions that the user who owns the file currently has for it
(u), the permissions that other users in the file's group have for it
(g), and the permissions that other users not in the file's
group have for it (o).</P>
<P>A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0_7), derived by adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1. Any
omitted digits are assumed to be leading zeros. The first digit selects the set user ID
(4) and set group ID (2) and save text image (1) attributes. The second digit selects permissions for the user who owns the file: read
(4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permissions for other users in the file's group, with the same values; and the fourth for other users not in the
file's group, with the same values.
</P>
<P>chmod never changes the permissions of symbolic links; the
chmod system call cannot change their permissions. This is not
a problem since the permissions of symbolic links are never used. However, for each symbolic link listed on the command
line, chmod changes the permissions of the pointed-to file. In contrast,
chmod ignores symbolic links encountered during
recursive directory traversals.
</P>
<P><B>
OPTIONS
</B></P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_c, —changes
</TD><TD>
Verbosely describe only files whose permissions actually change.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_f, —silent, —quiet
</TD><TD>
Do not print error messages about files whose permissions cannot be changed.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_v, —verbose
</TD><TD>
Verbosely describe changed permissions.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_R, —recursive
</TD><TD>
Recursively change permissions of directories and their contents.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
—help
</TD><TD>
Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
—version
</TD><TD>
Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>GNU File Utilities
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 28">
chown
</A></H3>
<P>chown—Change the user and group ownership of files
</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
chown [_Rcfv] [—recursive] [—changes] [—help] [—version] [—silent] [—quiet]
[—verbose] [user][:.][group] file...
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
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