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<P><CENTER>
<a href="0114-0115.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="0119-0121.html">Next</A></CENTER></P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-116"><P>Page 116</P></A>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
Keyword Abbreviation
</TD><TD>
Meaning (Default)
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
time=# (ti)
</TD><TD>
Set timeout length to # seconds [4]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]ko
</TD><TD>
Keep open option (implies vc) [noko]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]vc
</TD><TD>
Use/don't use virtual circuit [novc]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]defname (def)
</TD><TD>
Use/don't use default domain name [def]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]search (sea)
</TD><TD>
Use/don't use domain search list [sea]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
domain=NAME (do)
</TD><TD>
Set default domain name to NAME
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]ignore (i)
</TD><TD>
Ignore/don't ignore trunc. errors [noi]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]primary (pr)
</TD><TD>
Use/don't use primary server [nopr]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]aaonly (aa)
</TD><TD>
Authoritative query only flag [noaa]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]sort (sor)
</TD><TD>
Sort resource records [nosor]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]cmd
</TD><TD>
Echo parsed arguments [cmd]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]stats (st)
</TD><TD>
Print query statistics [st]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]Header (H)
</TD><TD>
Print basic header [H]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]header (he)
</TD><TD>
Print header flags [he]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]ttlid (tt)
</TD><TD>
Print TTLs [tt]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]cl
</TD><TD>
Print class info [nocl]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]qr
</TD><TD>
Print outgoing query [noqr]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]reply (rep)
</TD><TD>
Print reply [rep]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]ques (qu)
</TD><TD>
Print question section [qu]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]answer (an)
</TD><TD>
Print answer section [an]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]author (au)
</TD><TD>
Print authoritative section [au]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[no]addit (ad)
</TD><TD>
Print additional section [ad]
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pfdef
</TD><TD>
Set to default print flags
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pfmin
</TD><TD>
Set to minimal default print flags
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pfset=#
</TD><TD>
Set print flags to # (# can be hex/octal/decimal)
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pfand=#
</TD><TD>
Bitwise and print flags with #
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pfor=#
</TD><TD>
Bitwise or print flags with #
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>
The retry and time options affect the retransmission strategy used by resolver library when sending datagram queries.
The algorithm is as follows:
</P>
<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>
August 30, 1990
for i = 0 to retry _ 1
for j = 1 to num_servers
send_query
wait((time * (2**i)) / num_servers)
end
end
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->
<P>Note that dig always uses a value of 1 for num_servers.</P>
<P><B>
DETAILS
</B></P>
<P>dig once required a slightly modified version of the
BIND resolver (3) library. BIND's resolver has (as of
BIND 4.9) been augmented to work properly with dig. Essentially,
dig is a straightforward (albeit not pretty) effort of parsing arguments
and setting appropriate parameters. dig uses resolver routines
res_init(), res_mkquery(), res_send() as well as accessing
_res structure.
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-117"><P>Page 117</P></A>
<P><B>
FILES
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
/etc/resolv.conf
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>Initial domain name and name server addresses
</P>
<P><B>
ENVIRONMENT
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
LOCALRES file to use in place of /etc/resolv.conf
LOCALDEF default environment file
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
AUTHOR
</B></P>
<P>Steve Hotz (hotz@isi.edu)</P>
<P><B>
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
</B></P>
<P>dig uses functions from nslookup(8) authored by Andrew Cherenson.</P>
<P><B>
BUGS
</B></P>
<P>dig has a serious case of "creeping featurism," the result of considering several potential uses during its development. It
would probably benefit from a rigorous diet. Similarly, the print flags and granularity of the items they specify make evident
their rather ad hoc genesis.
</P>
<P>dig does not consistently exit nicely (with appropriate status) when a problem occurs somewhere in the resolver (Most of
the common exit cases are handled.) This is particularly annoying when running in batch mode. If it exits abnormally (and is
not caught), the entire batch aborts; when such an event is trapped,
dig simply continues with the next query.
</P>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<P>named(8), resolver(3), resolver(5), nslookup(8)</P>
<P>
30 August 1990
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 55">
dnsquery
</A></H3>
<P>dnsquery—Query domain name servers using resolver</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
dnsquery [-n nameserver] [-t type] [-c class] [-r retry] [-p retry period]
[-d] [-s] [-v] host
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>The dnsquery program is a general interface to nameservers via
BIND resolver library calls. The program supports queries to
the nameserver with an opcode of QUERY. This program is intended to be a replacement or supplement to programs like
nstest, nsquery, and nslookup. All arguments except for
host and ns are treated without case-sensitivity.
</P>
<B></P>
OPTIONS
</H4>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_n
</TD><TD>
The nameserver to be used in the query. Nameservers can appear as either Internet addresses of the
form w.x.y.z or can appear as domain names. (default: as specified in
/etc/resolv.conf)
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_t
</TD><TD>
The type of resource record of interest. Types include:
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<BLOCKQOTE>
A Address<BR>
NS Nameserver<BR>
CNAME Canonical name<BR>
PTR Domain name pointer<BR>
SOA Start of authority<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-118"><P>Page 118</P></A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
WKS Well-known service<BR>
HINFO Host information<BR>
MINFO Mailbox information<BR>
MX Mail exchange<BR>
RP Responsible person<BR>
MG Mail group member<BR>
AFSDB DCE or AFS server<BR>
ANY Wildcard<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">
<TR><TD><B>
NOTE
</B></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Any case may be used (the default is ANY)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
</TABLE></CENTER>
</P>
_c
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
The class of resource records of interest. Classes include the following:
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
IN Internet<BR>
HS Hesiod<BR>
CHAOS Chaos<BR>
ANY Wildcard<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">
<TR><TD><B>
NOTE
</B></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Any case may be used (the default is IN).
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
</TABLE></CENTER>
</P>
-r
<C>
The number of times to retry if the nameserver is not responding. (default: 4)
<C>
_p
<C>
Period to wait before timing out. (default: RES_TIMEOUT) options field. (default: any answer)
<C>
_d
<C>
Turn on debugging. This sets the RES_DEBUG bit of the resolver's options field. (default: no debugging)
<C>
_s
<C>
Use a stream rather than a packet. This uses a TCP stream connection with the nameserver rather than
a UDP datagram. This sets the RES_USEVC bit of the resolver's options field. (default:
UDP)
<C>
_v
<C>
Synonym for the s flag.
<C>
host
<C>
The name of the host (or domain) of interest.
</TBL>
<P><B>
FILES
</B></P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
/etc/resolv.conf
</TD><TD>
To get the default ns and search lists.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
<arpa/nameser.h>
</TD><TD>
List of usable RR types and classes
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
<resolv.h>
</TD><TD>
List of resolver flags
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<P>nslookup(8), nstest(1), nsquery(1), named(8), resolver(5)</P>
<P><B>
DIAGNOSTICS
</B></P>
<P>If the resolver fails to answer the query and debugging has not been turned on,
dnsquery will simply print a message like this:
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
Query failed (rc = 1) : Unknown host
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>The value of the return code is supplied by h_errno.</P>
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