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<A NAME="PAGENUM-291"><P>Page 291</P></A>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_Tbss org, _Tdata org,
</TD><TD>
Use org as the starting address for—respectively—the
bss, data, or the text segment of the
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_Ttext org
</TD><TD>
output file. textorg must be a hexadecimal integer.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_T commandfile, _Tcommandfile
</TD><TD>
Equivalent to _c commandfile; supported for compatibility with other tools.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_t
</TD><TD>
Prints names of input FILES as ld processes them.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_u sym
</TD><TD>
Forces sym to be entered in the output file as an undefined symbol. This may, for
example, trigger linking of additional modules from standard libraries.
_u may be repeated with different option arguments to enter additional undefined symbols.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_Ur
</TD><TD>
For anything other than C++ programs, this option is equivalent to
_r : it generates relocatable output, that is, an output file that can in turn serve as input to
ld. When linking C++ programs, _Ur will resolve references to constructors, unlike
_r.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
--verbose
</TD><TD>
Display the version number for ld
and list the supported emulations. Display which
input FILES can and can not be opened.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_v, _V
</TD><TD>
Display the version number for ld.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
--version
</TD><TD>
Display the version number for ld
and exit.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_warn_common
</TD><TD>
Warn when a common symbol is combined with another common symbol or with a
symbol definition. UNIX linkers allow this somewhat sloppy practice, but linkers on some
other operating systems do not. This option allows you to find potential problems
from combining global symbols.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_warn_once
</TD><TD>
Only warn once for each undefined symbol, rather than once per module that refers to it.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_X
</TD><TD>
If _s or _S is also specified, delete only local symbols beginning with
L.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_x
</TD><TD>
If _s or _S is also specified, delete all local symbols, not just those beginning with
L.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>ENVIRONMENT</B></P>
<P>You can change the behavior of ld with the ENVIRONMENT variable
</P>
<P>GNUTARGET.<BR>
GNUTARGET determines the input-file object format if you don't use
_b (or its synonym _format). Its value should be one of
the BFD names for an input format. If there is no
GNUTARGET in the ENVIRONMENT, ld uses the natural format of the host.
If GNUTAR-GET is set to default, then BFD attempts to discover the input format by examining binary input FILES; this
method often succeeds, but there are potential ambiguities, since there is no method of ensuring that the magic number used to
flag object-file FORMATS is unique. However, the configuration procedure for BFD on each system places the conventional
format for that system first in the search-list, so ambiguities are resolved in favor of convention.
<P><B>SEE ALSO</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>objdump(1); ld and binutils entries in info
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>Ld: The GNU Linker, Steve Chamberlain and Roland Pesch;
The GNU Binary Utilities, Roland H. Pesch.
</P>
<P><B>COPYING</B></P>
<P>Copyright " 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
</P>
<P>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
</P>
<P>Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim
copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
</P>
<P>Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above
conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free
Software Foundation instead of in the original English.
</P>
<P>
Cygnus support, 17 August 1992
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-292"><P>Page 292</P></A>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 141">
lispmtopgm
</A></H3>
<P>lispmtopgm—Convert a Lisp Machine bitmap file into PGM format
</P>
<P><B>SYNOPSIS</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE WIDTH="1">lispmtopgm [lispmfile]
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>DESCRIPTION</B></P>
<P>lispmtopgm reads a Lisp machine bitmap as input and produces a portable graymap as output.
</P>
<P>This is the file format written by the
tv:write-bit-array-file function on TI Explorer and Symbolics Lisp machines.
</P>
<P>Multiplane bitmaps on Lisp machines are color; but the
lispm image file format does not include a colormap, so it must
be treated as a graymap instead. This is unfortunate.
</P>
<P><B>SEE ALSO</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>pgmtolispm(1), pgm(5)
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>BUGS</B></P>
<P>The lispm bitmap file format is a bit quirky; Usually the image in the file has its width rounded up to the next
higher multiple of 32, but not always. If the width is not a multiple of 32, we don't deal with it properly, but because of the
lispm microcode, such arrays are probably not image data anyway.
</P>
<P>Also, the lispm code for saving bitmaps has a bug, in that if you are writing a bitmap that is not
mod32 across, the file may be up to seven bits too short. They round down instead of up, and we don't handle this bug gracefully.
</P>
<P>No color.
</P>
<P><B>AUTHOR</B></P>
<P>Copyright" 1991 by Jamie Zawinski and Jef Poskanzer.
</P>
<P>6 March 1990
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 142">
lkbib
</A></H3>
<P>lkbib—Search bibliographic databases
</P>
<P></B>SYNOPSIS</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>lkbib [ _v ][_ifields ][_pfilename ][_tn ] key ...
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P></B>DESCRIPTION</B></P>
<P>lkbib searches bibliographic databases for references that contain the keys
key... and prints any references found on the standard output.
lkbib will search any databases given by _p OPTIONS, and then a default database. The default database
is taken from the REFER ENVIRONMENT variable if it is set, otherwise it is
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE >/usr/dict/papers/Ind.
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>For each database filename to be searched, if an index
filename.i created by gindxbib(1) exists, then it will be
searched instead; each index can cover multiple databases.
</P>
<P><B>OPTIONS</B></P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_v
</TD><TD>
Print the version number.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_pfilename
</TD><TD>
Search filename. Multiple _p OPTIONS can be used.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_istring
</TD><TD>
When searching FILES for which no index exists, ignore the contents of fields whose names are in
string.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_tn
</TD><TD>
Only require the first n characters of keys to be given. Initially
n is 6.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
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