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<A NAME="PAGENUM-429"><P>Page 429</P></A>
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>ppmtoyuvsplit reads a portable pixmap as input and produces three raw
files—basename.Y, basename.U, and
basename.V—as output. These files are the subsampled raw YUV representation of the input pixmap, as required by the Stanford
MPEG code. The subsampling is done by arithmetic mean of 4 pixels colors into one. The YUV values are scaled according
to CCIR.601, as assumed by MPEG.
</P>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B>
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>mpeg(1), ppm(5)
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
AUTHOR
</B>
</P>
<P>Copyright" 1993 by Andre Beck
(AndreBeck@IRS.Inf.TU-Dresden.de). Based on
ppmtoyuv.c.
</P>
<P>9 September 1993
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 333">
pr
</A></H3>
<P>pr—Convert text files for printing
</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B>
</P>
<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>
pr [+PAGE] [_COLUMN] [_abcdfFmrtv] [_e[in-tab-char[in-tab-width]]] [_h header]
[_i[out-tab-char[out-tab-width]]] [_l page-length] [_n[number-separator[digits]]]
[_o left-margin] [_s[column-separator]] [_w page-width] [--help] [-- version] [file...]
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B>
</P>
<P>This manual page documents the GNU version of
pr. pr prints on the standard output a paginated and
optionally multicolumn copy of the text files given on the command line, or of the standard input if no files are given or when
the filename _ is encountered. Form feeds in the input cause page breaks in the output.
</P>
<P><B>
OPTIONS
</B>
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
PAGE
</TD><TD>
Begin printing with page PAGE.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_COLUMN
</TD><TD>
Produce COLUMN-column output and print columns down. The column width is
automatically decreased as COLUMN increases; unless you use the
_w option to increase the page width as well, this option might cause some columns to be truncated.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_a
</TD><TD>
Print columns across rather than down.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_b
</TD><TD>
Balance columns on the last page.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_c
</TD><TD>
Print control characters using hat notation (for example, ^G); print other unprintable characters
in octal backslash notation.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_d
</TD><TD>
Double-space the output.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_e[in-tab-char
</TD><TD>
Expand tabs to spaces on input. Optional argument
in-tab-char is the input tab character, default
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[in-tab-width]]
</TD><TD>
tab. Optional argument in-tab-width
is the input tab character's width, default 8.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_F, _f
</TD><TD>
Use a form feed instead of newlines to separate output pages.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_h header
</TD><TD>
Replace the filename in the header with the string
header.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
--help
</TD><TD>
Print a usage message and exit with a nonzero status.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_i[out-tab-char
</TD><TD>
Replace spaces with tabs on
output. Optional argument out-tab-char is the output tab character,
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[out-tab-width]]
</TD><TD>
default tab. Optional argument
out-tab-width is the output tab character's width, default
8.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_l page-length
</TD><TD>
Set the page length to
page-length lines. The default is 66. If
page-length is less than 10, the headers and footers are omitted, as if the
_t option had been given.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_m
</TD><TD>
Print all files in parallel, one in each column.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-430"><P>Page 430</P></A>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
_n[number-separator
</TD><TD>
Precede each column with
a line number; with parallel files, precede each line with a line number.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[digits]]
</TD><TD>
Optional argument number-separator
is the character to print after each number, default
tab. Optional argument digits is the number of digits per line number, default
5.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_o left-margin
</TD><TD>
Offset each line with a margin
left-margin spaces wide. The total page width is this offset plus
the width set with the _w option.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_r
</TD><TD>
Do not print a warning message when an argument file cannot be opened. Failure to open a
file still makes the exit status nonzero, however.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_s[column-separator]
</TD><TD>
Separate columns by the single character
column-separator, default tab, instead of spaces.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_t
</TD><TD>
Do not print the 5-line header and the 5-line trailer that are normally on each page, and do not
fill out the bottoms of pages (with blank lines or form feeds).
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_v
</TD><TD>
Print unprintable characters in octal backslash notation.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
--version
</TD><TD>
Print version information on standard output then exit.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
_w page-width
</TD><TD>
Set the page width to page-width
columns. The default is 72.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>GNU Text Utilities
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 334">
ps
</A></H3>
<P>ps—Report process status
</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B>
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
ps [_][lujsvmaxScewhrnu][txx][O[+|-]k1[[+|-]k2...]] [pids]
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>There are also two long options:
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
--sortX[+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]
--help
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>More long options are on the way…
</P>
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B>
</P>
<P>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive update of this status, use
top. This man page documents the /proc-based version of
ps, or tries to.
</P>
<P><B>
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
</B></P>
<P>Command-line arguments may optionally be preceded by a
_, but there is no need for it. There are also some long options
in GNU style; see the following subsection for those.
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
l
</TD><TD>
Long format.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
u
</TD><TD>
User format: gives username and start time.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
j
</TD><TD>
Jobs format: pgid sid.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
s
</TD><TD>
Signal format.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
v
</TD><TD>
vm format.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
m
</TD><TD>
Displays memory information (combine with
p flag to get number of pages).
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
f
</TD><TD>
Forest family tree format for command line.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
a
</TD><TD>
Show processes of other users too.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
x
</TD><TD>
Show processes without controlling terminal.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
S
</TD><TD>
Add child cpu time and page faults.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
c
</TD><TD>
Command name from task struct.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
e
</TD><TD>
Show environment after command line and +.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-431"><P>Page 431</P></A>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
w
</TD><TD>
Wide output: don't truncate command lines to fit on one line.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
h
</TD><TD>
No header.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
r
</TD><TD>
Running procs only.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
n
</TD><TD>
Numeric output for USER and WCHAN.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
txx
</TD><TD>
Only procs with controlling tty xx; use for
xx the same letters as shown in the TT field. The
tty name must be given immediately after the option, with no intervening space,
for example, ps -tv1.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
O[+|-]k1[,[+|-]k2[,...]]
</TD><TD>
Order the process listing according to the multilevel sort specified by the sequence of
short keys from SORT KEYS, k1, k2, …. Default order specifications exist for each of the
various formats of ps. These are overridden by a user-specified ordering. The
+ is quite optional, merely reiterating the default direction on a key.
- reverses direction only on the key it precedes. As with
t and pids, the O option must be the last option in a single
command argument, but specifications in successive arguments are catenated.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
pids
</TD><TD>
List only the specified processes; they are comma-delimited. The list must be
given immediately after the last option in a single command-line argument, with no
intervening space, for example, ps -j1,4,5. Lists specified in subsequent arguments are catenated,
for example, ps -l1,23,4 5 6 will list all of the processes 1-6 in long format.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>
LONG COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
</B></P>
<P>These options are preceded by a double hyphen.
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
--sortX[+|-]key[,
</TD><TD>
Choose a multiletter key from the
SORTKEYS section. X may be any convenient separator
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
[+|-]key[,...]]
</TD><TD>
character. To be GNU-ish, use
=. The + is really optional because default direction
is increasing numerical or lexicographic order. Example:<BR>
ps -jax _sort=uid,-ppid,+pid
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
--help
</TD><TD>
Get a help message that summarizes the usage and gives a list of supported sort keys.
This list may be more up-to-date than this man page.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>
SORT KEYS
</B></P>
<P>Note that the values used in sorting are the internal values
ps uses and not the "cooked" values used in some of the
output format fields. If someone wants to volunteer to write special comparison functions for the cooked values,…;-)
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
Short
</TD><TD>
Long
</TD><TD>
Description
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
c
</TD><TD>
cmd
</TD><TD>
Simple name of executable
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
C
</TD><TD>
cmdline
</TD><TD>
Full command line
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
f
</TD><TD>
flags
</TD><TD>
Flags as in long format F field
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
g
</TD><TD>
pgrp
</TD><TD>
Process group ID
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
G
</TD><TD>
tpgid
</TD><TD>
Controlling tty process group ID
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
j
</TD><TD>
cutime
</TD><TD>
Cumulative user time
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
J
</TD><TD>
cstime
</TD><TD>
Cumulative system time
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
k
</TD><TD>
utime
</TD><TD>
User time
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
K
</TD><TD>
stime
</TD><TD>
System time
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
m
</TD><TD>
min_flt
</TD><TD>
Number of minor page faults
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
M
</TD><TD>
maj_flt
</TD><TD>
Number of major page faults
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
n
</TD><TD>
cmin_flt
</TD><TD>
Cumulative minor page faults
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
N
</TD><TD>
cmaj_flt
</TD><TD>
Cumulative major page faults
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
o
</TD><TD>
session
</TD><TD>
Session ID
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
p
</TD><TD>
pid
</TD><TD>
Process ID
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
continues
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
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