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<TITLE>Linux Complete Command Reference:User Commands:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Linux Complete Command Reference//-->

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<a href="0429-0431.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="0434-0434.html">Next</A></CENTER></P>







<A NAME="PAGENUM-432"><P>Page 432</P></A>



<TABLE>



<TR><TD>

Short

</TD><TD>

Long

</TD><TD>

Description<BR>

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

P

</TD><TD>

ppid

</TD><TD>

Parent process ID

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

r

</TD><TD>

rss

</TD><TD>

Resident set size

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

R

</TD><TD>

resident

</TD><TD>

Resident pages

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

s

</TD><TD>

size

</TD><TD>

Memory size in kilobytes

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

S

</TD><TD>

share

</TD><TD>

Amount of shared pages

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

t

</TD><TD>

tty

</TD><TD>

The minor device number of tty

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

T

</TD><TD>

start_time

</TD><TD>

Time process was started

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

U

</TD><TD>

uid

</TD><TD>

User ID number

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

u

</TD><TD>

user

</TD><TD>

Username

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

v

</TD><TD>

vsize

</TD><TD>

Total VM size in bytes

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

y

</TD><TD>

priority

</TD><TD>

Kernel scheduling priority

</TD></TR></TABLE>



<P><B>

FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

</B></P>



<TABLE>



<TR><TD>

PRI

</TD><TD>

This is the counter field in the task

struct. It is the time in HZ of the process's possible time slice.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

NI

</TD><TD>

Standard UNIX nice value; a positive value means less cpu time.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

SIZE

</TD><TD>

Virtual image size; size of

text+data+stack.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

RSS

</TD><TD>

Resident set size; kilobytes of program in memory.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

WCHAN

</TD><TD>

Name of the kernel function where the process is sleeping, with the

sys stripped from the function name. If<BR>

/boot/psdatabase does not exist, it is just a hex number instead.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

STAT

</TD><TD>

Information about the status of the process. The first field is

R for runnable, S for sleeping, D for

uninterruptible sleep, T for stopped or traced, or

Z for a zombie process. The second field contains

W if the process has no resident pages. The third field is

N if the process has a positive nice value (NI field).

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

TT

</TD><TD>

Controlling tty.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

PAGEIN

</TD><TD>

Number of major page faults (page faults that cause pages to be read from disk, including pages read from

the buffer cache).

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

TRS

</TD><TD>

Text resident size.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

SWAP

</TD><TD>

Kilobytes (or pages if _p is used) on swap device.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

SHARE

</TD><TD>

Shared memory.

</TD></TR></TABLE>



<P><B>

UPDATING

</B></P>

<P>This proc-based ps works by reading the files in the

proc filesystem, mounted on /proc. This ps does not need to be

suid kmem or have any privileges to run. Do not give this

ps any special permissions.

</P>

<P>You will need to update the /boot/psdatabase file by running

/usr/sbin/psupdate to get meaningful information from

the WCHAN field. This should be done every time you compile a new kernel.

</P>



<P><B>

NOTES

</B>

</P>

<P>The member used_math of task_struct is not shown, since

crt0.s checks to see if math is present. This causes the

math flag to be set for all processes, and so it is worthless.

</P>



<P>Programs swapped out to disk will be shown without command-line arguments, and unless the

c option is given, in parentheses.

</P>



<P>%CPU shows the cputime/realtime percentage. It will not add up to 100 percent unless you are lucky. It is time used

divided by the time the process has been running.

</P>



<P>The SIZE and RSS fields don't count the page tables and the

task struct of a proc; this is at least 12k of memory that

is always resident. SIZE is the virtual size of the

proc (code+data+stack).

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-433"><P>Page 433</P></A>



<P><B>

BUGS

</B></P>

<P>tty names are hard-coded: virtual consoles are

v1, v2,&#133;; serial lines are s0 and s1; pty's are

pp0, pp1 &#133; pq0, pq1, &#133;.

</P>



<P><B>

AUTHOR

</B>

</P>

<P>ps was originally written by Branko Lankester

(lankeste@fwi.uva.nl) Michael K. Johnson

(johnsonm@sunsite.unc.edu) rewrote it significantly to use the

proc filesystem, changing a few things in the process. Michael

Shields (mjshield@nyx.cs.du.edu) added the

multiple-pids feature. Charles

Blake(cblake@ucsd.edu) added multilevel sorting and

is the current maintainer of the proc-ps suite.

</P>



<P>Cohesive Systems, 27 July 1994

</P>



<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 335">

psbb

</A></H3>



<P>psbb&#151;Extract bounding box from PostScript document

</P>



<P><B>

SYNOPSIS

</B>

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

psbb file

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P><B>

DESCRIPTION

</B>

</P>

<P>psbb reads file, which should be a PostScript document conforming to the document structuring conventions and looks

for a %%BoundingBox comment. If it finds one, it prints a line

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

llx lly urx ury

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P>on the standard output and exits with zero status. If it doesn't find such a line or if the line is invalid, it prints a message

and exits with nonzero status.

</P>



<P><B>

SEE ALSO

</B>

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

grops(1)

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Groff Version 1.09, 6 August 1992

</P>



<H3><A NAME="ch01_ 336">

psidtopgm

</A></H3>

<P>psidtopgm&#151;Convert PostScript image data into a portable graymap

</P>



<P><B>

SYNOPSIS

</B>

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

psidtopgm width height bits/sample [imagedata]

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P><B>

DESCRIPTION

</B>

</P>

<P>psidtopgm reads the image data from a PostScript file as input and produces a portable graymap as output.

</P>

<P>This is a very simple and limited program, and is here only because so many people have asked for it. To use it you have

to manually extract the readhexstring data portion from your PostScript file, and then give the width, height, and

bits/sample on the command line. Before you attempt this, you should at least read the description of the

image operator in the PostScript Language Reference Manual.

</P>

<P>It would probably not be too hard to write a script that uses this filter to read a specific variety of PostScript image, but

the variation is too great to make a general-purpose reader. Unless, of course, you want to write a full-fledged

PostScript interpreter&#133;

</P>



<P><B>

SEE ALSO

</B>

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

pnmtops(1), pgm(5)

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->







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