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<A NAME="PAGENUM-1125"><P>Page 1125</P></A>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<P>mountd(8), nfsd(8), nfs(5), passwd(5)
</P>
<P>
21 October 1996
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch05_ 15">
filesystems
</A></H3>
<P>filesystems—Linux filesystem types: minix,ext, ext2, xia, msdos, umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs,iso9660, hpfs, sysv, smb, ncpfs.
</P>
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>In the file /proc/filesystems, you can find which filesystems your kernel currently supports. (If you need a
currently unsupported one, insert the corresponding module or recompile the kernel.)
</P>
<P>Following is a description of the various filesystems.
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
minix
</TD><TD>
The filesystem used in the Minix operating system, the first to run under Linux. It has a
Vnumber of shortcomings: a 64MB partition size limit, short filenames, a single time stamp, and so on.
It remains useful for floppies and RAM disks.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
ext
</TD><TD>
An elaborate extension of the minix filesystem. It has been completely superseded by the
second version of the extended filesystem (ext2) and will eventually be removed from the kernel.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
ext2
</TD><TD>
The high performance disk filesystem used by Linux for fixed disks as well as removable media.
The second extended filesystem was designed as an extension of the extended filesystem
(ext). ext2 offers the best performance (in terms of speed and CPU usage) of the filesystems
supported under Linux.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
xiafs
</TD><TD>
Designed and implemented to be a stable, safe filesystem by extending the Minix filesystem
code. It provides the basic, most requested features without undue complexity. The
xia filesystem is no longer actively developed or maintained. It is used infrequently.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
msdos
</TD><TD>
The filesystem used by DOS, Windows, and some OS/2 computers.
msdos filenames can be no longer than an eight-character name followed by an optional period and
three-character extension.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
umsdos
</TD><TD>
An extended DOS filesystem used by Linux. It adds capability for long filenames,
UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and special files (devices, named pipes, and so on) under the
DOS filesystem, without sacrificing compatibility with DOS.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
vfat
</TD><TD>
Extended DOS filesystem used by Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT.
vfat adds capability for long filenames under the MS-DOS filesystem.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
proc
</TD><TD>
A pseudo-filesystem that is used as an interface to kernel data structures rather than reading
and interpreting /dev/kmem. In particular, its files do not take disk space. See
proc(5).
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
iso9660
</TD><TD>
A CD-ROM filesystem type conforming to the ISO 9660 standard.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
High Sierra
</TD><TD>
Linux supports High Sierra, the precursor to the ISO 9660 standard for CD-ROM filesystems.
It is automatically recognized within the iso9660 filesystem support under Linux.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
Rock Ridge
</TD><TD>
Linux also supports the System Use Sharing Protocol records specified by the Rock
Ridge Interchange Protocol. They are used to further describe the files in the
iso9660 filesystem to a UNIX host and provides information such as long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX
permissions, and devices. It is automatically recognized within the
iso9660 filesystem support under Linux.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
hpfs
</TD><TD>
The High Performance Filesystem, used in OS/2. This filesystem is read-only under Linux due
to the lack of available documentation.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
sysv
</TD><TD>
An implementation of the SystemV/Coherent filesystem for Linux. It implements all Xenix
FS, SystemV/386 FS, and Coherent FS.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
nfs
</TD><TD>
The network filesystem used to access disks located on remote computers.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-1126"><P>Page 1126</P></A>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
smb
</TD><TD>
A network filesystem that supports the SMB protocol, used by Windows for
Workgroups, Windows NT, and LAN Manager.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
</TD><TD>
To use smb, you need a special mount program, which can be found in the
ksmbfs package at ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/smbfs.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
ncpfs
</TD><TD>
A network filesystem that supports the NCP protocol, used by Novell NetWare.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
</TD><TD>
To use ncpfs, you need special programs found at
ftp://linux01.gwdg.de/pub/ncpfs.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P><B>
SEE ALSO
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
proc(5), fsck(8), mkfs(8), mount(8)
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>25 March 1996
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch05_ 16">
fstab
</A></H3>
<P>fstab—Static information about the filesystems.</P>
<P><B>
SYNOPSIS
</B></P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
#include <fstab.h>
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P><B>
DESCRIPTION
</B></P>
<P>The file fstab contains descriptive information about the various filesystems.
fstab is only read by programs and not written; it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maintain this file. Each filesystem is described on a
separate line; fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. The order of records in
fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and
umount(8) sequentially iterate through fstab doing their thing.
</P>
<P>The first field (fs_spec) describes the block special device or remote filesystem to be mounted.
</P>
<P>The second field (fs_file) describes the mount point for the filesystem. For swap partitions, this field should be specified
as none.
</P>
<P>The third field (fs_vfstype) describes the type of the filesystem. The system currently supports three types of filesystems:
</P>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
minix
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem, supporting filenames of length 14 or 30 characters.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
ext
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem with longer filenames and larger inodes. This filesystem has been
replaced by the ext2 filesystem and should no longer be used.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
ext2
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem with longer filenames, larger inodes, and a lot of other features.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
xiafs
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem with longer filenames, larger inodes, and a lot of other features.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
msdos
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem for MS-DOS partitions.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
hpfs
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem for HPFS partitions.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
iso9660
</TD><TD>
A local filesystem used for CD-ROM drives.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
nfs
</TD><TD>
A filesystem for mounting partitions from remote systems.
</TD></TR><TR><TD>
Swap
</TD><TD>
A disk partition to be used for swapping.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>If vfs_fstype is specified as ignore, the entry is ignored. This is useful to show disk partitions that are currently unused.
</P>
<P>The fourth field (fs_mntops) describes the mount options associated with the filesystem.
</P>
<P>It is formatted as a comma-separated list of options. It contains at least the type of mount plus any additional
options appropriate to the filesystem type. For documentation on the available options for non-NFS file systems, see
mount(8). For documentation on all NFS-specific options, take a look at
nfs(5). Common for all types of filesystems are the options
noauto (do not mount when mount -a is given, such as at boot time) and
user (allow a user to mount). For more details, see
mount(8).
</P>
<P>The fifth field (fs_freq) is used for these filesystems by the
dump(8) command to determine which filesystems need to
be dumped. If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and dump will assume that the filesystem does not need
to be dumped.
</P>
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