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<TITLE>Linux Configuration and Installation:Installing and Configuring XFree86</TITLE>

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<P><BR></P>

<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading15"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Configuring the Monitor Section</FONT></H4>

<P>The Monitor section describes your monitor to X. You can define a number of monitors in the <B>XF86Config</B> file, as each Monitor section is named. The Screen section (discussed later) then connects a monitor to a video card. For example, the following abbreviated entry defines our NEC MultiSync XE17 monitor:</P>

<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

  Section "Monitor"

  Identifier  "NEC MultiSync XE17"

  VendorName  "NEC"

  ModelName   "MultiSync 4FGe"

  HorizSync   31.5 - 64.3

  VertRefresh 55-120

  # Modes from the NEC MultiSync 4FGe monitor, a close monitor.

  ModeLine "640x480"  31  640  680  704  832 480 489 492 520

  ModeLine "800x600"  50  800  864  976 1040 600 637 643 666

  ModeLine "1024x768" 81 1024 1068 1204 1324 768 776 782 807

  EndSection

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>For each monitor, you need to define the items listed in Table 3.13.

</P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION><B>Table 3.13</B> Monitor Data

<TR>

<TH WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="LEFT">Item

<TH WIDTH="65%" ALIGN="LEFT">Usage

<TR>

<TH COLSPAN="2"><HR>

<TR>

<TD>Identifier string

<TD>Used to identify the monitor later

<TR>

<TD>VendorName string

<TD>Used for your reference

<TR>

<TD>ModelName string

<TD>Used for your reference

<TR>

<TD>Bandwidth bandwidth

<TD>The bandwidth for the monitor, in MHz

<TR>

<TD>HorizSync range

<TD>Horizontal sync frequencies, in kHz

<TR>

<TD>VertRefresh range

<TD>Vertical refresh range, in Hz

<TR>

<TD>Gamma value

<TD>Gamma correction value for your monitor

<TR>

<TD>Modeline values

<TD>A single resolution mode

<TR>

<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>

</TABLE>

<P>The identifier is a string used to refer to the monitor later. You can define more than one monitor in the <B>XF86Config</B> file.</P>

<P>The HorizSync range describes the horizontal sync frequencies for your monitor. It can be a set of comma-separated values or a range separated by a dash, such as 42-65, for multisync monitors. You should get this value from your monitor documentation (where you&#146;ll find most of the key information needed here).</P>

<P>The format for a Modeline is:</P>

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<PRE>

     Modeline "name" horizontal-values vertical values

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P>For example, the following sets up a standard VGA mode:

</P>

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<PRE>

  # 640x400 @ 70 Hz, 31.5 kHz hsync

  Modeline "640x400"  25.175 640  664  760  800   400  409  411  450

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P>There can be a whole set of modeline values. You can get this from the <B>probeonly</B> mode of X or from documentation that comes with XFree86. Some of the relevant documentation is listed in Table 3.14.</P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION><B>Table 3.14</B> Video-Mode Documentation with XFree86

<TR>

<TH WIDTH="30%" ALIGN="LEFT">File

<TH WIDTH="70%" ALIGN="LEFT">Usage

<TR>

<TH COLSPAN="2"><HR>

<TR>

<TD><B>VideoModes.doc</B>

<TD>Explains&#151;in excruciating detail&#151;how to calculate modes

<TR>

<TD><B>modeDB.txt</B>

<TD>Database of modelines for monitors

<TR>

<TD><B>Monitors</B>

<TD>Database of modelines for monitors

<TR>

<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>

</TABLE>

<P>All these files are located in <B>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc</B>. An example entry from the Monitors file follows:</P>

<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

  #Date: Sat, 17 Sep 1994 00:50:57 -0400

  #From: Erik Nygren &lt;nygren@mit.edu&gt;

  Section "Monitor"

     Identifier "NEC MultiSync 4FGe"

     VendorName "NEC"

     ModelName "MultiSync 4FGe"

     BandWidth 80Mhz        #\

     HorizSync 27-62KHz      #&gt; from monitor documentation

     VertRefresh 55-90Hz    #/

     ModeLine "640x480"  31  640  680  704  832 480 489 492 520

     ModeLine "800x600"  50  800  864  976 1040 600 637 643 666

     ModeLine "1024x768" 81 1024 1068 1204 1324 768 776 782 807

  EndSection

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>One of the monitors we have, an NEC MultiSync XE17, was not in either the <B>modeDB.txt</B> or <B>Monitors</B> file. We found the closest monitor in the listing, an NEC MultiSync 4FGe, and experimented with those Modelines. Calculating the Modelines yourself is a real pain, so you want to find a monitor or a close facsimile in the <B>Monitors</B> or <B>modeDB.txt</B> files.</P>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>WARNING:&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>Having said that, be careful about using Modelines for other monitors. You can destroy your monitor if you&#146;re not careful.<HR></FONT>

</BLOCKQUOTE>

<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading16"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Configuring the Graphics Card Section</FONT></H4>

<P>The Device section describes your graphics card to X. For example, a standard Super VGA device appears as the following:

</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

  # Standard VGA Device:

  Device

     Identifier  "Generic VGA"    VendorName  "Unknown"

     BoardName   "Unknown"

     Chipset     "generic"

  #  VideoRam    256

  #  Clocks      25.2 28.3

  EndSection

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P>A more detailed device section, for an Actix S3 accelerated card, follows:

</P>

<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

  # Device configured by xf86config:

  Section     "Device"

  Identifier  "Actix GE32&#43; 2MB"

  VendorName  "Actix"

  BoardName   "GraphicsENGINE Ultra"

  #VideoRam   1024

  #Option     "dac_8_bit"

  Ramdac      "att20c490"

  Clocks      25 28 40 72 50 77 36 45 90 120 80 32 110 65 75 95

  EndSection

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>Of these options, the clocks are the hardest to fill in. One option is to try X in <B>probeonly</B> mode to fill in the details. You can also look in a file called <B>AccelCards</B> in <B>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc</B> for more information on accelerated chipsets and cards. An entry from the <B>AccelCards</B> file follows:</P>

<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

  Card Vendor             : Actix

  Card Model              : GraphicsEngine32 Plus

  Card Bus (ISA/EISA/VLB) : ISA

  Chipset                 : S3 86C801

  Video Memory            : 2048k

  Memory Type (DRAM/VRAM) : DRAM

  Memory Speed            : 45ns

  Clock Chip              : Avasem AV9194-11

  Programmable? (Y/N)     : No

  Number of clocks        : 16

  Clocks                  : 25.175 28.322 40.0 0.0 50.0 77.0 36.0 44.9

  Clocks (cont)           : 130.0 120.0 80.0 31.5 110.0 65.0 75.0 95.0

  Option Flags            :

  RAMDAC                  : AT&#38;T 20C490-11

  Submitter               : David E. Wexelblat &lt;dwex@xfree86.org&gt;

  Last Edit Date          : Sept 25, 1993

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>You can convert the Clocks lines into the proper syntax for the <B>XF86Config</B> file by placing the same values in order in a line (or lines) starting with Clocks in the Device section:</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

  Clocks 25.175 28.322 40.0 0.0 50.0 77.0 36.0 44.9

  Clocks 130.0 120.0 80.0 31.5 110.0 65.0 75.0 95.0

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P>Be sure to put all the clock values in the original order.

</P><P><BR></P>

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