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<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading9"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Laptops and X</FONT></H4>
<P>If your hardware includes a laptop computer, you may be able to run X on it. Many others have taken the time to configure X on a wide range of laptops. If you have a ThinkPad laptop, for example, there’s a wealth of information specific to Linux on the World Wide Web at URL <A HREF="http://peipa.essex.ac.uk/tp-linux/tp-linux.html">http://peipa.essex.ac.uk/tp-linux/tp-linux.html</A>.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>ON THE CD-ROMS: </B>This Web page is available on the CD-ROMs in the <B>/docs</B> directory.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This Web page also contains a number of X configuration files for various ThinkPad models.
</P>
<P>You are likely to have problems with the ThinkPad 700, 720, and any other MCA-architecture machines, as Linux does not yet support MCA. The Linux Laptop Home Page (<A HREF="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/">http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/</A>) has a lot of information about setting up X with laptops.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>WARNING: </B>If you have a model 760, you may have problems with the latest editions of XFree86. See the Linux Notebook Web page at URL <A HREF="http://www.castle.net/x-notebook/index_linux.html">http://www.castle.net/X-notebook/index_linux.html</A>. Because versions of X change rapidly, this problem may already be fixed.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Some of the key bits of information you want to discover about your system are listed in Table 3.6.
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION><B>Table 3.6</B> Information You Need to Know about Your System
<TR>
<TH WIDTH="25%" ALIGN="LEFT">Aspect
<TH WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="LEFT">What You Need to Know
<TR>
<TH COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>Card
<TD>Vendor and model, of course
<TR>
<TD>Card
<TD>Chipset, such as S3
<TR>
<TD>Card
<TD>Amount of video RAM, such as 1 or 2MB
<TR>
<TD>Card
<TD>RAMDAC, if one is used, such as ATT20C490
<TR>
<TD>Monitor
<TD>Bandwidth in megahertz (MHz), such as 25.2
<TR>
<TD>Monitor
<TD>Horizontal Sync range, such as 31.5–64.3 kilohertz (kHz)
<TR>
<TD>Monitor
<TD>Vertical refresh range, such as 55–120 Hertz (Hz)
<TR>
<TD>Mouse
<TD>Serial or parallel? If serial, which serial port it’s connected to
<TR>
<TD>Mouse
<TD>Vendor and model, such as Logitech Firstmouse
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
</TABLE>
<P>Note that some of the more obscure details, such as the RAMDAC, may be described for you in the XFree86 documentation. XFree86 comes with a description of a number of graphics cards and monitors. If you’re lucky, you can pull some of these values directly from the XFree86 documentation into your <B>XF86Config</B> file, the master file that describes your hardware to X.</P>
<P>Normally located in <B>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</B>, the <B>XF86Config</B> file is an ASCII text file, formatted in a special way that the XFree86 X server understands. By default, XFree86 searches for this file in a number of directories, in the following order:</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>/etc/XF86Config</B>
<DD><B><<I>Xroot</I>>/lib/X11/XF86Config.hostname</B>
<DD><B><<I>Xroot</I>>/lib/X11/XF86Config</B>
</DL>
<P>The <B><<I>Xroot</I>></B> is shorthand for the top-level X directory. In Slackware Linux, this is <B>/usr/X11R6</B>. Previous to release 6 of X11 (hence the X11R6), XFree86’s top directory was <B>/usr/X386</B>.</P>
<P>You can create the <B>XF86Config</B> file with a text editor such as <B>vi</B> or <B>emacs</B>. In most cases, though, you’ll want to copy an example file to avoid entering the whole thing. Under Slackware, this example file is named <B>XF86Config.eg</B>. While this example is not ready to go, you can get a lot of useful information out of it. (See the section on Super VGA.)</P>
<P>In the <B>XF86Config</B> file, each section follows the same basic pattern:</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
Section "<I>SectionName</I>"
<I>data entry</I>...
...
EndSection
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>The <TT>#</TT> acts as a comment character, which is very useful in documenting the odd syntax in the <B>XF86Config</B> file.</P>
<P>In the next sections of this chapter, we’ll cover these six sections in depth and show how you can automate part of the process by using a program called <B>xf86config</B>.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>WARNING: </B>Never use someone else’s <B>XF86Config</B> file. And don’t use the examples we provide verbatim. Always configure X for <I>your</I> hardware. Wrong data in the file may cause X to damage your hardware.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3><A NAME="Heading10"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Automating the Configuration Process</FONT></H3>
<P>For a number of years, various programs have attempted to automate the difficult creation of <B>XF86Config</B> files. So far, though, all have failed miserably for us—that is, until the most recent versions and a program called <B>xf86config</B>. For the first time, <B>xf86config</B> seems to create a workable <B>XF86Config</B> file, and we don’t even have any odd hardware.</P>
<P>Before running <B>xf86config</B>, read over each of the following sections which describe the various parts of the <B>XF86Config</B> file that the <B>xf86config</B> program will be filling in. By having a greater understanding of the <B>XF86Config</B> file, your success rate with the <B>xf86config</B> program will be much greater.</P>
<P>Because of this, we’ll discuss each of the six sections and then cover using <B>xf86config</B>.</P><P><BR></P>
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