lsgxd.htm

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

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<H2>Linux System Administrator's Survival Guide lsgxd.htm</H2>



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<A HREF="#E68E249" >GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 2, June 1991</A>



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<A HREF="#E68E250" >E.1 Preamble</A>



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<A HREF="#E68E251" >E.2.GNU General Public License: Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution, and Modification</A>



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<A HREF="#E68E252" >How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A></UL></UL></UL>



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<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Appendix D</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>



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<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The GNU General Public License</B></FONT></CENTER></H2>



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<P>Linux is licensed under the GNU General Public License (the GPL or copyleft), which is reproduced here to clear up some of the confusion about Linux's copyright status. Linux is not shareware, nor is it in the public domain. The bulk of the Linux kernel has been copyrighted since 1993 by Linus Torvalds, and other software and parts of the kernel are copyrighted by their authors. Thus, Linux is copyrighted. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. However, you may redistribute it under the terms of the GPL, which follows.



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<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 2, June 1991</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>



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<P><I>Copyright 1989, 1991</I>



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<P><I>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</I>



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<P><I>675 Mass Ave.</I>



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<P><I>Cambridge, MA 02139</I>



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<P><I>USA</I>



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<P><I>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this </I><I>license document, but changing it is not allowed.</I>



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<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B><I>E.1 Preamble</I></B></FONT></CENTER></H3>



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<P><I>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to </I><I>share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is </I><I>intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to </I><I>make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public </I><I>License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and </I><I>to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free </I><I>Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General </I><I>Public License instead.)</I>



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<P><I>You can apply it to your programs, too.</I>



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<P><I>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. </I><I>Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the </I><I>freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this </I><I>service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you </I><I>want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new </I><I>free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</I>



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<P><I>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone </I><I>to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.</I>



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<P><I>These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you </I><I>distribute copies of the software or if you modify it.</I>



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<P><I>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis </I><I>or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. </I><I>You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. </I><I>And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</I>



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<P><I>We protect your rights with two steps:</I>



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<LI><I>We copyright the software.</I>



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<LI><I>We offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to </I><I>copy, distribute, and/or modify the software.</I>



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<P><I>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain </I><I>that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free </I><I>software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we </I><I>want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so </I><I>that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original </I><I>authors' reputations.</I>



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<P><I>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. </I><I>We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will </I><I>individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program </I><I>proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must </I><I>be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.</I>



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<P><I>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and </I><I>modification follow.</I>



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<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B><I>E.2.GNU General Public License: Terms and Conditions for Copying, </I></B><B><I>Distribution, and Modification</I></B></FONT></CENTER></H3>



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<P><I>0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a </I><I>notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under </I><I>the terms of this General Public License. The &quot;Program,&quot; below, refers </I><I>to any such program or work, and &quot;a work based on the Program&quot; means </I><I>either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is </I><I>to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either </I><I>verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. </I><I>(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term </I><I>&quot;modification.&quot;) Each licensee is addressed as &quot;you.&quot;</I>



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<P><I>Activities other than copying, distribution, and modification are not </I><I>covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running </I><I>the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is </I><I>covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program </I><I>(independent of having been made by running the Program).</I>



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<P><I>Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.</I>



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<P><I>1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source </I><I>code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously </I><I>and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice </I><I>and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to </I><I>this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other </I><I>recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.</I>