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<TD><A HREF="ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A></TD>
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<P><BR></P>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#000077"><I>PART VI<BR>Appendixes
</I></FONT></H2>
<DL>
<DT>A Installation of Red Hat Linux
<DT>B Resources
<DT>C Using Linux HOWTO Documents
<DT>D Top 50 Linux Commands and Utilities
<DT>E Glossary
</DL>
<H2><A NAME="Heading1"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">APPENDIX A<BR>Installation of Red Hat Linux
</FONT></H2>
<P><I>By Bill Ball</I></P>
<DL>
<DD>Preparing for the installation
<DD>Defragmenting and partitioning your hard drive
<DD>Selecting and activating swap space
<DD>Choosing and installing software packages
<DD>Initially configuring X11
<DD>Setting up the system time, your printer, and your password
<DD>Selecting system services
<DD>Installing the bootloader (LILO)
<DD>Booting Linux
</DL>
<H3><A NAME="Heading2"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Finding and Getting Red Hat Linux</FONT></H3>
<P>The easiest way to install Red Hat Linux is from a CD-ROM, either from Red Hat Software, Inc., or another vendor that sells Linux distributions.
</P>
<P>You can, however, download the required software (for Intel, SPARC, or Alpha CPUs) from the Internet from a variety of places, such as:</P>
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<A HREF="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-5.0">ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-5.0</A>
<A HREF="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/redhat">ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat</A>
</PRE>
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<P>If you have the time, patience, high-speed Internet connection, and hard drive storage space, it is possible to install Linux via FTP. In this case, all you need to do is start your Internet connection, download a couple of disk image files, and create your boot floppies. But do yourself a favor and save the time and effort—get a distribution on CD-ROM! This chapter assumes that you have a Red Hat Linux 5.0 CD-ROM and are ready to take the plunge.
</P>
<P>If you don’t have Red Hat’s Linux CD-ROM, the definitive place to order one is:</P>
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<PRE>
<A HREF="http://www.redhat.com">http://www.redhat.com</A>
</PRE>
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<TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#0000" ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Take care before installing!</B></FONT>
<BR>Use a little common sense before installing Linux. Back up your important files and don’t leave anything on your computer’s hard drive that you will regret losing if something goes awry during the partitioning, formatting, or installation process. You have been warned!</TABLE>
<P>There are some advantages to ordering the commercial version of Red Hat Linux. For example, the most recent version of Red Hat 5.0 includes Netscape’s Communicator suite of web browsing and Internet tools, RealNetwork’s RealVideo player, Enhanced Software Technologies’ BRU 2000 tape backup software, and Metro-X’s commercial X11 server.
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>SEE ALSO</B>
<DL>
<DD><B>•</B> For more information about using web browsers, see page 216.
<DD><B>•</B> To learn more about using FTP, see page 198.
</DL>
<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3><A NAME="Heading3"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Considering Hardware Requirements</FONT></H3>
<P>According to Red Hat Software, Intel PC users should have at least a 386 or greater equivalent CPU (this includes the Pentium Pro and Pentium II). A little more than 40MB hard drive space is needed for a basic installation without the X Window System. To include X, you’ll need an additional 60MB. A full installation will require nearly 600MB of hard drive space.
</P>
<P>Although you can run Linux with 8MB of memory, you’ll be much happier with 16MB for X11, and even better off with 32MB if you plan to use any large applications such as Netscape or Applixware. Your computer should also have a CD-ROM and a 3.5-inch floppy drive.</P>
<P>If you can run DOS or Windows 95 on your computer, don’t worry—you’ll be able to run Linux. But if you like to worry, ponder these additional questions:</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>•</B> How much room on my hard drive should I devote to Linux?
<DD><B>•</B> Will my video card support X11?
<DD><B>•</B> Will my sound card work with Linux?
<DD><B>•</B> Do I need to have MIDI support?
<DD><B>•</B> Do I want to be able to use my microphone?
<DD><B>•</B> Do I need PC card support?
</DL>
<P>Fortunately, most common hardware, such as graphics, sound, or PC cards is supported. If you find that your base installation does not provide the support you need, you might be able to find another Linux vendor or software company with the software drivers you need to make your hardware work. Consult the <TT>HOWTO</TT> documents, found under the <TT>/usr/doc</TT> directory, for additional information.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>SEE ALSO</B><BR>• For more information about configuring your sound card for Linux, see page 573.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3><A NAME="Heading4"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">The Installation Program’s Interface</FONT></H3>
<P>Red Hat uses a character-based interface rather than a graphical interface for installing Linux. A mouse isn’t used during the installation process; instead, various keystrokes are used to select items.
</P>
<P>If you’re in a text region that has multiple choices or selections, you can usually use the arrow keys to move around. To switch between regions, you can use the Tab and Alt+Tab keys.</P>
<P>To choose a button to select, you normally position the highlighted area using one of the movement keys. You can then press the Spacebar or Enter key to select the button. To select check boxes, scroll through the entries, highlighting the desired option. Then use the Spacebar to select or toggle the option on or off.</P>
<P>The F12 key takes the values as selected on the screen and proceeds to the next screen. If your keyboard doesn’t have an F12 key, the combination Shift+F2 should have the same results.</P>
<P>The installation program presents various diagnostic information for you to determine what might be happening in various parts of the install. To not clutter the main screen with extra data, the installation program uses a feature of Linux called the Virtual Console, which can be seen via a single keystroke. Table A.1 lists the keystrokes used to view each of the virtual consoles.</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION ALIGN=LEFT><B>Table A.1</B> Virtual console keystrokes
<TR>
<TH COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TH WIDTH="30%" ALIGN="LEFT">Keystroke
<TH WIDTH="70%" ALIGN="LEFT">Result
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>Alt+F1
<TD>The main installation dialog box.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Alt+F2
<TD>After the CD-ROM has been found, you get a shell prompt that can be used to execute commands.
<TR>
<TD>Alt+F3
<TD>The log from the installation program.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Alt+F4
<TD>The log from the kernel and other system level programs.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Alt+F5
<TD>Messages from disk formatting and some other programs.
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
</TABLE>
<P>For the most part, you won’t need to ever leave the first virtual console, unless you are curious, or trying to diagnose a problem.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading5"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Creating Installation Diskettes</FONT></H3>
<P>To install Red Hat Linux, you must first create two installation disks—a boot floppy and a supplemental floppy. You’ll need your Red Hat Linux CD-ROM to complete this step.
</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>Creating boot disks</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>1.</B> Get two blank disks and perform a DOS format. For example, to format a disk in your computer’s A: drive from the DOS prompt, use the format command:
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<PRE>
<B>format a:</B>
</PRE>
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<DD><B>2.</B> Insert your Red Hat Linux CD-ROM and a formatted floppy into your computer. Then use the <TT>rawrite</TT> program on the CD-ROM to create the boot floppy (assuming that your CD-ROM is the D: drive on your computer) like so:
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<PRE>
<B>D:\dosutils\rawrite</B>
</PRE>
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<DD><B>3.</B> Press the Enter key. When the <TT>rawrite</TT> program prompts for the name of a disk image, enter the name:
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<PRE>
<B>D:\images\boot.img</B>
</PRE>
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<DD><B>4.</B> Press the Enter key. When the <TT>rawrite</TT> program prompts for the name of your floppy (assuming that it is in the A: drive):
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<PRE>
<B>A:</B>
</PRE>
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<DD><B>5.</B> Press the Enter key twice. When <TT>rawrite</TT> finishes, remove the completed boot floppy. Repeat step 2 to start <TT>rawrite</TT> again, but when the program prompts for the name of a disk image, enter the name of the supplemental boot disk:
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