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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>Installing the <I>vim rpm</I> package
</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>1.</B> <TT>rpm</TT> software packages generally follow a standard naming convention:
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<PRE>
name-version-release.arch.rpm
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<BR><TT><I>name</I></TT> is the package’s name, <TT><I>version</I></TT> is the package’s version, <TT><I>release</I></TT> is the package’s release level, <TT><I>arch</I></TT> is the hardware architecture the package is for, and <TT>rpm</TT> is the default extension. This naming scheme is quite handy because some of the essential information about a particular package can be determined from just looking at its name.
<DD><B>2.</B> For this example, <TT>vim</TT> package, <TT>vim</TT> version 4.5, release 2 is installed for a computer with the i386 architecture. To install this package, mount your Red Hat CD-ROM on <TT>/mnt/cdrom</TT> using the <TT>mount</TT> command, like this:
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<B># mount /mnt/cdrom</B>
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<BR>The package you want to install is located in the following directory:
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<PRE>
/mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/vim-4.5-2.i386.rpm
</PRE>
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<DD><B>3.</B> Use <TT>cd</TT> to change to the appropriate directory, then install <TT>vim</TT> by using the <TT>rpm</TT> command’s <TT>i</TT>, <TT>v</TT>, and <TT>h</TT> options, followed by the name of <TT>vim</TT>’s <TT>rpm</TT> file, like so:
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<B># rpm -ivh vim-4.5-2.i386.rpm</B>
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<BR>As the package is installed, the output will look like the following:
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<PRE>
vim ################
</PRE>
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<BR>When the install is finished, 50 hash marks are displayed.
</DL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>SEE ALSO</B><BR>• To learn more about other text editors for Linux besides <TT>vim</TT>, see page 49.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>In this example, I used the pound character (<TT>#</TT>) to indicate the root prompt because only root can properly install packages for an entire system. If you try to install this package as a user other than root, an error similar to the following will be generated:</P>
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<PRE>
failed to open //var/lib/rpm/packages.rpm
error: cannot open //var/lib/rpm/packages.rpm
</PRE>
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<P>Occasionally, the files that one package installs conflict with the files of a previously installed package. If you had <TT>vim</TT> version 4.2 installed, the following message would have been generated:</P>
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<PRE>
/bin/vim conflicts with file from vim-4.2-8/usr/share/vim/vim_tips.txt
conflicts with file from vim-4.2-8
error: vim-4.5-2.i386.rpm cannot be installed
</PRE>
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<P>If you wanted to install these files anyway, the <TT>--replacefiles</TT> option can be added to the command.</P>
<P>Another type of conflict that is sometimes encountered is a <I>dependency conflict</I>. This happens when a package that is being installed requires certain other packages to function correctly. For example, perhaps you try to install the following package:</P>
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<PRE>
<B># rpm -ivh dosemu-0.66.2-1.i386.rpm</B>
</PRE>
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<P>You get the following dependency errors:
</P>
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<PRE>
failed dependencies:
kernel >= 2.0.28 is needed by dosemu-0.66.2-1
dosemu = 0.64.1 is needed by xdosemu-0.64.1-1
</PRE>
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<P>This indicates two things. You must upgrade your kernel to 2.0.28, and if you install a newer version of <TT>dosemu</TT>, you must also install a newer version of <TT>xdosemu</TT>. Although it is usually not a good idea to ignore dependency problems, using the <TT>--nodeps</TT> option causes <TT>rpm</TT> to ignore these errors and install the package.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading5"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Upgrading Packages</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>rpm</TT>’s <I>upgrade mode</I> provides an easy way to upgrade existing software packages to newer versions. Upgrade mode is similar to install mode:</P>
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<PRE>
rpm -U [options] [packages]
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<P><TT><I>options</I></TT> can be any of the install options or any of the general options.</P>
<P>Here is an example of how to upgrade packages. Suppose that on your system you are currently running <TT>emacs</TT> version 19.31, but you want to upgrade to the newer <TT>emacs</TT> version 19.34. To upgrade, use the following command:</P>
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<PRE>
<B># rpm -Uvh emacs-19.34-4.i386.rpm</B>
</PRE>
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<P>The upgrade mode is really a combination of two operations, uninstall and install. First, <TT>rpm</TT> uninstalls any older versions of the requested package, and then installs the newer version. If an older version of the package does not exist, <TT>rpm</TT> simply installs the requested package.</P>
<P>An additional advantage of upgrade over a manual install and uninstall is that upgrade automatically saves configuration files. For these reasons, some people prefer to use upgrade rather than install for all package installations.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading6"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Uninstalling Packages</FONT></H4>
<P>The uninstall mode of <TT>rpm</TT> provides for a clean method of removing files belonging to a software package from many locations.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>SEE ALSO</B><BR>• To learn about other ways to delete files, see page 42.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Many packages install files in <TT>/etc</TT>, <TT>/usr</TT>, and <TT>/lib</TT>, so removing a package can be confusing, but with <TT>rpm</TT> an entire package can be removed as follows:</P>
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<PRE>
rpm -e [options] [package]
</PRE>
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<P><TT><I>options</I></TT> is one of the options listed later in this section, and <TT><I>package</I></TT> is the name of the package to be removed. For example, if you want to remove the package for <TT>dosemu</TT>, the command is as follows:</P>
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<PRE>
<B># rpm -e dosemu</B>
</PRE>
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<P>The name specified here for the package is just the name of the package, not the name of the file that was used to install the package. Perhaps you ask for the following:
</P>
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<PRE>
<B># rpm -e dosemu-0.64.1-1.i386.rpm</B>
</PRE>
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<P>The following error would have been generated:
</P>
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<PRE>
package dosemu-0.64.1-1.i386.rpm is not installed
</PRE>
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<P>Another common error encountered while trying to uninstall packages is a <I>dependency error</I>. This occurs when a package that is being uninstalled has files required by another package. For example, when you try to remove <TT>dosemu</TT> from your system, you get the following error:</P>
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<PRE>
removing these packages would break dependencies:
dosemu = 0.64.1 is needed by xdosemu-0.64.1-1
</PRE>
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