htffman-0.cpp

数据结构当中的 哈夫曼树的构造及其编码!

#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>


//typedef int  TElemType;
typedef struct
{
   int weight;
   int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,* HuffmanTree;

typedef char **HuffmanCode;

//-----------全局变量-----------------------
HuffmanTree HT;
HuffmanCode HC;
int *w,i,j,n;
char *z;
int flag=0;
 int numb=0;
// -----------------求赫夫曼编码-----------------------

int min(HuffmanTree t,int i)
{ // 函数void select()调用
        int j,flag;
        int k=32767; // 取k为不小于可能的值
        for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
                if(t[j].weight<k&&t[j].parent==0)
                k=t[j].weight,flag=j;
        t[flag].parent=1;
        return flag;
}

//--------------------slect函数----------------------
void select(HuffmanTree t,int i,int &s1,int &s2)
{ // s1为最小的两个值中序号小的那个
        int j;
        s1=min(t,i);
        s2=min(t,i);
        if(s1>s2)
        {
                j=s1;
                s1=s2;
                s2=j;
        }
}
// --------------算法6.12--------------------------
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &HT,HuffmanCode &HC,int *w,int n)
{ // w存放n个字符的权值(均>0),构造赫夫曼树HT,并求出n个字符的赫夫曼编码HC
        int m,i,s1,s2,start;
        //unsigned c,f;
  int c,f;
        HuffmanTree p;
        char *cd;
        if(n<=1)
        return;//检测结点数是否可以构成树
        m=2*n-1;
        HT=(HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTNode)); // 0号单元未用
        for(p=HT+1,i=1;i<=n;++i,++p,++w)
        {
                p->weight=*w;
                p->parent=0;
                p->lchild=0;
                p->rchild=0;
        }
        for(;i<=m;++i,++p)
        p->parent=0;
        for(i=n+1;i<=m;++i) // 建赫夫曼树
        { // 在HT[1~i-1]中选择parent为0且weight最小的两个结点,其序号分别为s1和s2
                select(HT,i-1,s1,s2);
                HT[s1].parent=HT[s2].parent=i;
                HT[i].lchild=s1;
                HT[i].rchild=s2;
                HT[i].weight=HT[s1].weight+HT[s2].weight;
        }
   // 从叶子到根逆向求每个字符的赫夫曼编码
        HC=(HuffmanCode)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));
   // 分配n个字符编码的头指针向量([0]不用)
        cd=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char)); // 分配求编码的工作空间
        cd[n-1]='\0'; // 编码结束符
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
        { // 逐个字符求赫夫曼编码
                start=n-1; // 编码结束符位置
                for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent)
     // 从叶子到根逆向求编码
                        if(HT[f].lchild==c)
                         cd[--start]='0';
                        else
                         cd[--start]='1';
                        HC[i]=(char*)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));
     // 为第i个字符编码分配空间
                strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]); // 从cd复制编码(串)到HC
        }
        free(cd); // 释放工作空间
}


//--------------初始化赫夫曼链表---------------------------------
void Initialization()
{
        flag=1;
        int num;
        int num2;
        cout<<"下面初始化赫夫曼链表"<<endl<<"请输入结点的个数n：";
        cin>>num;
        n=num;
        w=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
        z=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
        cout<<"\n请依次输入"<<n<<"个字符(字符型)\n注意:必须以回车结束："<<endl;
        char base[2];
        for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
        cout<<"第"<<i+1<<"个字符:"<<endl;
        gets(base);
        *(z+i)=*base;
        }
        for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
        {
                cout<<setw(6)<<*(z+i);
        }
        cout<<"\n请依次输入"<<n<<"个权值\n(注意:必须以回车结束)："<<endl;
        for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
        {
         cout<<endl<<"第"<<i+1<<"个字符的权值:";
         cin>>num2;
         *(w+i)=num2;
  }
        HuffmanCoding(HT,HC,w,n);
//------------------------打印编码-------------------------------------------
        cout<<"字符对应的编码为:"<<endl;
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
                //cout<<"字符"<<*(z+i-1)<<"的编码";
                puts(HC[i]);
        }
//--------------------------将赫夫曼编码写入文件------------------------
        cout<<"下面将赫夫曼编码写入文件"<<endl<<"...................."<<endl;

        FILE *htmTree;
        char r[]={' ','\0'};       
        if((htmTree=fopen("htmTree.txt","w"))==NULL)
  {
  cout<<"can not open  file"<<endl;
  return;
  }

        fputs(z,htmTree);
        for(i=0;i<n+1;i++)
        {
         fprintf(htmTree,"%6d",*(w+i));
         fputs(r,htmTree);
  }
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
         fputs(HC[i],htmTree);
         fputs(r,htmTree);
        }
        fclose(htmTree);
        cout<<"已将字符与对应编码写入根目录下文件htmTree.txt中"<<endl<<endl;
}

//---------------------获取报文并写入文件---------------------------------

void InputCode()
{
 //cout<<"请输入你想要编码的字符"<<endl;
 FILE *tobetran;
 char str[100];
 if((tobetran=fopen("tobetran.txt","w"))==NULL)
 {
  cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
  return;
 }
 cout<<"请输入你想要编码的字符"<<endl;
 gets(str);
 fputs(str,tobetran);
 cout<<"获取报文成功"<<endl;
 fclose(tobetran);
}

//---------------------编码函数---------------------------------
void Encoding()
{
        cout<<"下面对目录下文件tobetran.txt中的字符进行编码"<<endl;

        FILE *tobetran,*codefile;

        if((tobetran=fopen("tobetran.txt","rb"))==NULL)
        {
                cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
        }
        if((codefile=fopen("codefile.txt","wb"))==NULL)
        {
                cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
        }

        char *tran;
        i=99;
        tran=(char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));

        while(i==99)
        {
                if(fgets(tran,100,tobetran)==NULL)
                {
                        cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
                        break;
                }
                for(i=0;*(tran+i)!='\0';i++)
                {
                        for(j=0;j<=n;j++)
                        {
                                if(*(z+j-1)==*(tran+i))
                                {
                                  fputs(HC[j],codefile);
                                  if(j>n)
                                  {
                                   cout<<"字符错误，无法编码!"<<endl;
                                   break;
                                  }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        printf("完成编码\n编码写入codefile.txt中\n\n");
        fclose(tobetran);
        fclose(codefile);
        free(tran);
}


//-----------------译码函数---------------------------------
void Decoding()
{
                                               
  printf("对文件codefile.txt中的字符译码");
        FILE *codef,*txtfile;
        if((txtfile=fopen("Textfile.txt","w"))==NULL)
        {
                printf("不能打开文件");
        }
  //txtfile=fopen("Textfile.txt","w");
        if ((codef=fopen("codefile.txt","r"))==NULL)
        {
                 printf("不能打开文件");
        }
  //codef=fopen("codefile.txt","r");
   char *work,*work2,i2;
  int i4=0,i,i3;
        unsigned long length=10000;
        work=(char*)malloc(length*sizeof(char));
  fgets(work,length,codef);
  work2=(char*)malloc(length*sizeof(char));
  i3=2*n-1;
  for(i=0;*(work+i)!='\0';i++)
  {
   i2=*(work+i);
   if(HT[i3].lchild==0) 
   {
    *(work2+i4)=*(z+i3-1);
    i4++;
    i3=2*n-1;
    i--;
   }
   else if(i2=='0') i3=HT[i3].lchild;
   else if(i2=='1') i3=HT[i3].rchild;
  }
  *(work2+i4)='\0';
  fputs(work2,txtfile);
  printf("完成译码\n内容写入文件txtfile.txt中\n\n");
  free(work);
  free(work2);
        fclose(txtfile);
        fclose(codef);

}


//-----------------------打印编码的函数----------------------
void Code_printing()
{
        printf("下面打印根目录下文件CodePrin.txt中编码字符\n");
        FILE * CodePrin,* codefile;
        if((CodePrin=fopen("CodePrin.txt","w"))==NULL)
        {
               printf("不能打开文件\n");
    return;
        }
        if((codefile=fopen("codefile.txt","r"))==NULL)
        {
                printf("不能打开文件\n");
    return;
        }


        char *work3;
        work3=(char*)malloc(51*sizeof(char));
        do
        {
                if(fgets(work3,51,codefile)==NULL)
                {
                 printf("不能读取文件\n");
     break;
                }
    fputs(work3,CodePrin);
                puts(work3);
        }while(strlen(work3)==50);
        free(work3);

 /* int iNum=2,num=2;
        while((num=fscanf(codefile,"%d",iNum))!=NULL)
  {
  printf("%d",iNum);
  fprintf(CodePrin,"%d",iNum);
  }
*/
        printf("打印工作结束\n\n");
        fclose(CodePrin);
  fclose(codefile);
}


//------------------------打印赫夫曼树的函数-----------------------
void coprint(HuffmanTree start,HuffmanTree HT)
{
    
      if(start!=HT)
        {
   FILE * TreePrint;

   if((TreePrint=fopen("TreePrint.txt","a"))==NULL)
   {printf("创建文件失败\n");
   return;
   }

            numb++;//该变量为已被声明为全局变量
            coprint(HT+start->rchild,HT);
            cout<<setw(5*numb)<<start->weight<<endl;
   
      fprintf(TreePrint,"%d\n",start->weight);
            coprint(HT+start->lchild,HT);
            numb--;
   fclose(TreePrint);
        }
}

void Tree_printing(HuffmanTree HT,int w)
{
        HuffmanTree p;
        p=HT+w;
        printf("下面打印赫夫曼树\n");
        coprint(p,HT);
        printf("打印工作结束\n");
}


//------------------------主函数------------------------------------
void main()
{       
        char choice;
        while(choice!='q')
        {       printf("     赫夫曼编\\译码系统\n");
                printf("(i/I)━初始化赫夫曼链表\n");
                printf("(w/W)━为字符编码\n");
                printf("(e/E)━编码\n");
                printf("(d/D)━译码\n");
                printf("(p/P)━打印编码\n");
                printf("(t/T)━打印赫夫曼树\n");
                printf("(q/Q)━离开输入'q'");
                if(flag==0)printf("\n建议先初始化赫夫曼链表\n");
                cin>>choice;
    switch(choice)
    {
    case 'i':
                    Initialization();
     break;
	 case 'I':
                    Initialization();
     break;
    case 'w':
      InputCode();
	  break;
	   case 'W':
      InputCode();  
	  break;
    case 'e':
      Encoding();
	  break;
    case 'E':
      Encoding();
      break;
    case 'd':
      Decoding();
      break; 
	case 'D':
      Decoding();
      break;
    case 'p':
      Code_printing();
      break;
    case 'P':
      Code_printing();
      break;
    case 't':
                        Tree_printing(HT,2*n-1);
      break;
    case 'T':
                        Tree_printing(HT,2*n-1);
      break;
    case 'Q':
       return;
	case 'q':
       break;
      
    default:
      printf("输入有误!!\n");
    }

        }
       free(z);
       free(w);
       free(HT);
}