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    <p>The use of <code>.htaccess</code> files can be disabled completely
    by setting the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code>
    directive to <code>none</code>:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AllowOverride None
    </code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="how" id="how">How directives are applied</a></h2>

    <p>The configuration directives found in a <code>.htaccess</code> file
    are applied to the directory in which the <code>.htaccess</code> file
    is found, and to all subdirectories thereof. However, it is important
    to also remember that there may have been <code>.htaccess</code> files
    in directories higher up. Directives are applied in the order that they
    are found. Therefore, a <code>.htaccess</code> file in a particular
    directory may override directives found in <code>.htaccess</code> files
    found higher up in the directory tree. And those, in turn, may have
    overridden directives found yet higher up, or in the main server
    configuration file itself.</p>

    <p>Example:</p>

    <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1</code> we have a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file containing the following:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI
    </code></p></div>

    <p>(Note: you must have "<code>AllowOverride Options</code>" in effect
    to permit the use of the "<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code>" directive in
    <code>.htaccess</code> files.)</p>

    <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code> we have
    a <code>.htaccess</code> file containing:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options Includes
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Because of this second <code>.htaccess</code> file, in the directory
    <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code>, CGI execution is not
    permitted, as only <code>Options Includes</code> is in effect, which
    completely overrides any earlier setting that may have been in
    place.</p>

    <h3><a name="merge" id="merge">Merging of .htaccess with the main
    configuration files</a></h3>

    <p>As discussed in the documentation on <a href="../sections.html">Configuration Sections</a>,
    <code>.htaccess</code> files can override the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code> sections for
    the corresponding directory, but will be overriden by other types
    of configuration sections from the main configuration files.  This
    fact can be used to enforce certain configurations, even in the
    presence of a liberal <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> setting.  For example, to
    prevent script execution while allowing anything else to be set in
    <code>.htaccess</code> you can use:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
&lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
<span class="indent">
Allowoverride All<br />
</span>
&lt;/Directory&gt;<br />
<br />
&lt;Location /&gt;<br />
<span class="indent">
Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI<br />
</span>
&lt;/Location&gt;
    </code></p></div>


</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="auth" id="auth">Authentication example</a></h2>

    <p>If you jumped directly to this part of the document to find out how
    to do authentication, it is important to note one thing. There is a
    common misconception that you are required to use
    <code>.htaccess</code> files in order to implement password
    authentication. This is not the case. Putting authentication directives
    in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>
    section, in your main server configuration file, is the preferred way
    to implement this, and <code>.htaccess</code> files should be used only
    if you don't have access to the main server configuration file. See <a href="#when">above</a> for a discussion of when you should and should
    not use <code>.htaccess</code> files.</p>

    <p>Having said that, if you still think you need to use a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file, you may find that a configuration such as
    what follows may work for you.</p>

    <p>You must have "<code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code>" in effect for
    these directives to be honored.</p>

    <p><code>.htaccess</code> file contents:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AuthType Basic<br />
      AuthName "Password Required"<br />
      AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file<br />
      AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file<br />
      Require Group admins
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code> must be in effect
    for these directives to have any effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="auth.html">authentication tutorial</a> for a
    more complete discussion of authentication and authorization.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Includes example</a></h2>

    <p>Another common use of <code>.htaccess</code> files is to enable
    Server Side Includes for a particular directory. This may be done with
    the following configuration directives, placed in a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file in the desired directory:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +Includes<br />
       AddType text/html shtml<br />
       AddHandler server-parsed shtml
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
    FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any
    effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="ssi.html">SSI tutorial</a> for a more
    complete discussion of server-side includes.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="cgi" id="cgi">CGI example</a></h2>

    <p>Finally, you may wish to use a <code>.htaccess</code> file to permit
    the execution of CGI programs in a particular directory. This may be
    implemented with the following configuration:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI<br />
       AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Alternately, if you wish to have all files in the given directory be
    considered to be CGI programs, this may be done with the following
    configuration:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI<br />
       SetHandler cgi-script
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
    FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any
    effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="cgi.html">CGI tutorial</a> for a more
    complete discussion of CGI programming and configuration.</p>

</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="troubleshoot" id="troubleshoot">Troubleshooting</a></h2>

    <p>When you put configuration directives in a <code>.htaccess</code>
    file, and you don't get the desired effect, there are a number of
    things that may be going wrong.</p>

    <p>Most commonly, the problem is that <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> is not
    set such that your configuration directives are being honored. Make
    sure that you don't have a <code>AllowOverride None</code> in effect
    for the file scope in question. A good test for this is to put garbage
    in your <code>.htaccess</code> file and reload. If a server error is
    not generated, then you almost certainly have <code>AllowOverride
    None</code> in effect.</p>

    <p>If, on the other hand, you are getting server errors when trying to
    access documents, check your Apache error log. It will likely tell you
    that the directive used in your <code>.htaccess</code> file is not
    permitted. Alternately, it may tell you that you had a syntax error,
    which you will then need to fix.</p>

</div></div>
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