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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX --><title>mod_mime - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /><link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /><link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p><img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime</h1><div class="toplang"><p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime.html" title="English"> en </a> |<a href="../ja/mod/mod_mime.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a></p></div><table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Associates the requested filename's extensions with the file's behavior (handlers and filters) and content (mime-type, language, character set and encoding)</td></tr><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module營dentifier:</a></th><td>mime_module</td></tr><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source燜ile:</a></th><td>mod_mime.c</td></tr></table><h3>Summary</h3> <p>This module is used to associate various bits of "meta information" with files by their filename extensions. This information relates the filename of the document to it's mime-type, language, character set and encoding. This information is sent to the browser, and participates in content negotiation, so the user's preferences are respected when choosing one of several possible files to serve. See <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> for more information about <a href="../content-negotiation.html">content negotiation</a>.</p> <p>The directives <code class="directive"><a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#addtype">AddType</a></code> are all used to map file extensions onto the meta-information for that file. Respectively they set the character set, content-encoding, content-language, and MIME-type (content-type) of documents. The directive <code class="directive"><a href="#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code> is used to specify a file which also maps extensions onto MIME types. </p> <p>In addition, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> may define the <a href="../handler.html">handler</a> and <a href="../filter.html">filters</a> that originate and process content. The directives <code class="directive"><a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></code> control the modules or scripts that serve the document. The <code class="directive"><a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></code> directive allows <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> to consider these file extensions to be included when testing Multiviews matches.</p> <p>While <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> associates meta-information with filename extensions, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code> server provides directives that are used to associate all the files in a given container (<em>e.g.</em>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>) with particular meta-information. These directives include <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#forcetype">ForceType</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a></code>. The core directives override any filename extension mappings defined in <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code>.</p> <p>Note that changing the meta-information for a file does not change the value of the <code>Last-Modified</code> header. Thus, previously cached copies may still be used by a client or proxy, with the previous headers. If you change the meta-information (language, content type, character set or encoding) you may need to 'touch' affected files (updating their last modified date) to ensure that all visitors are receive the corrected content headers.</p></div><div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#addtype">AddType</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#defaultlanguage">DefaultLanguage</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modmimeusepathinfo">ModMimeUsePathInfo</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removecharset">RemoveCharset</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeencoding">RemoveEncoding</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removehandler">RemoveHandler</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeinputfilter">RemoveInputFilter</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removelanguage">RemoveLanguage</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removeoutputfilter">RemoveOutputFilter</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#removetype">RemoveType</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></li></ul><h3>Topics</h3><ul id="topics"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multipleext">Files with Multiple Extensions</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#contentencoding">Content encoding</a></li><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#charset-lang">Character sets and languages</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#forcetype">ForceType</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#defaulttype">DefaultType</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a></code></li></ul></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="multipleext" id="multipleext">Files with Multiple Extensions</a></h2> <p>Files can have more than one extension, and the order of the extensions is <em>normally</em> irrelevant. For example, if the file <code>welcome.html.fr</code> maps onto content type <code>text/html</code> and language French then the file <code>welcome.fr.html</code> will map onto exactly the same information. If more than one extension is given which maps onto the same type of meta-information, then the one to the right will be used, except for languages and content encodings. For example, if <code>.gif</code> maps to the MIME-type <code>image/gif</code> and <code>.html</code> maps to the MIME-type <code>text/html</code>, then the file <code>welcome.gif.html</code> will be associated with the MIME-type <code>text/html</code>.</p> <p><a href="#charset-lang">Languages</a> and <a href="#contentencoding">content encodings</a> are treated accumulative, because one can assign more than one language or encoding to a particular resource. For example, the file <code>welcome.html.en.de</code> will be delivered with <code>Content-Language: en, de</code> and <code>Content-Type: text/html</code>.</p> <p>Care should be taken when a file with multiple extensions gets associated with both a MIME-type and a handler. This will usually result in the request being by the module associated with the handler. For example, if the <code>.imap</code> extension is mapped to the handler <code>imap-file</code> (from <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imap.html">mod_imap</a></code>) and the <code>.html</code> extension is mapped to the MIME-type <code>text/html</code>, then the file <code>world.imap.html</code> will be associated with both the <code>imap-file</code> handler and <code>text/html</code> MIME-type. When it is processed, the <code>imap-file</code> handler will be used, and so it will be treated as a <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imap.html">mod_imap</a></code> imagemap file.</p></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="contentencoding" id="contentencoding">Content encoding</a></h2> <p>A file of a particular MIME type can additionally be encoded a particular way to simplify transmission over the Internet. While this usually will refer to compression, such as <code>gzip</code>, it can also refer to encryption, such a <code>pgp</code> or to an encoding such as UUencoding, which is designed for transmitting a binary file in an ASCII (text) format.</p> <p>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">HTTP/1.1 RFC</a>, section 14.11 puts it this way:</p> <blockquote cite="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt"> <p>The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a modifier to the media-type. When present, its value indicates what additional content codings have been applied to the entity-body, and thus what decoding mechanisms must be applied in order to obtain the media-type referenced by the Content-Type header field. Content-Encoding is primarily used to allow a document to be compressed without losing the identity of its underlying media type.</p> </blockquote> <p>By using more than one file extension (see <a href="#multipleext">section above about multiple file extensions</a>), you can indicate that a file is of a particular <em>type</em>, and also has a particular <em>encoding</em>. </p> <p>For example, you may have a file which is a Microsoft Word document, which is pkzipped to reduce its size. If the <code>.doc</code> extension is associated with the Microsoft Word file type, and the <code>.zip</code> extension is associated with the pkzip file encoding, then the file <code>Resume.doc.zip</code> would be known to be a pkzip'ed Word document.</p> <p>Apache sends a <code>Content-encoding</code> header with the resource, in order to tell the client browser about the encoding method.</p> <div class="example"><p><code>Content-encoding: pkzip</code></p></div></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="charset-lang" id="charset-lang">Character sets and languages</a></h2> <p>In addition to file type and the file encoding, another important piece of information is what language a particular document is in, and in what character set the file should be displayed. For example, the document might be written in the Vietnamese alphabet, or in Cyrillic, and should be displayed as such. This information, also, is transmitted in HTTP headers.</p> <p>The character set, language, encoding and mime type are all used in the process of content negotiation (See <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>) to determine which document to give to the client, when there are alternative documents in more than one character set, language, encoding or mime type. All filename extensions associations created with <code class="directive"><a href="#addcharset">AddCharset</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addencoding">AddEncoding</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#addtype">AddType</a></code> directives (and extensions listed in the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code>) participate in this select process. Filename extensions that are only associated using the <code class="directive"><a href="#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a></code> directives may be included or excluded from matching by using the <code class="directive"><a href="#multiviewsmatch">MultiviewsMatch</a></code> directive.</p> <h3><a name="charset" id="charset">Charset</a></h3> <p>To convey this further information, Apache optionally sends a <code>Content-Language</code> header, to specify the language that the document is in, and can append additional information onto the <code>Content-Type</code> header to indicate the particular character set that should be used to correctly render the information.</p> <div class="example"><p><code> Content-Language: en, fr<br /> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 </code></p></div> <p>The language specification is the two-letter abbreviation for the language. The <code>charset</code> is the name of the particular character set which should be used.</p> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AddCharset" id="AddCharset">AddCharset</a> <a name="addcharset" id="addcharset">Directive</a></h2><table class="directive"><tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps the given filename extensions to the specified contentcharset</td></tr><tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AddCharset <var>charset</var> <var>extension</var>[<var>extension</var>] ...</code></td></tr><tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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