📄 施工放样方法.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和待放样点</SPAN><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的设计坐</SPAN><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标按下述</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公式计算求得：</SPAN><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 250%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 250%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">§<SPAN
lang=EN-US>2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>曲线放样理论<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曲线测设是工程建筑物放样的组成部分之一，铁路等线路总是不断从一个方向转到另外一个方向。这个时候，为了使车辆平稳，安全地运行，必须用曲线连接。这种在平面内连接不同线路方向的曲线，称为平面曲线。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铁路平面曲线按其半径的不同分为圆曲线和缓和曲线。圆曲线上任意一点的曲率半径处处相等；缓和曲线上任意一点的曲率半径处处在变化。当缓和曲线作为直线与圆曲线之间的<SPAN
class=GramE>介</SPAN>曲线时，其半径变化范围自无穷大到圆曲线半径；若用于连接半径为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的圆曲线时，缓和曲线的半径便自</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过渡。一般的地方支线及厂、矿专用线可只用圆曲线连接；铁路干线上的圆曲线两端都要用缓和曲线与直线相连。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2.1 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单圆曲线的测设</SPAN></B><B
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单圆曲线简称圆曲线。圆曲线测设通常分两步进行。首先测设曲线上起控制作用的点子，称为主要点测设；然后根据主要点加密曲线其他点子，称为曲线详</SPAN><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">细测设。在实施测设之前，必须进行曲线要素及重要点的里程计算。</SPAN><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">①</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圆曲线要素及其计算</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如左，圆曲线的半径</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、偏角（即线路转向角）</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">α、切线长</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">T</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、曲线长</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">L</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、外<SPAN
class=GramE>矢</SPAN>距</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">E</SPAN><SPAN class=GramE><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及切曲差</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">q</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（又叫校正数或超距），称为曲线要素。其中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">α均为已知数据。<SPAN
lang=EN-US>R</SPAN>是在设计中按线路等级及地形条件等因素选定的；α是线路定测时测出的。其余要素可按下列关系式计算得出：<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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