📄 施工放样方法.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">常用的施工放样方法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.1 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极坐标法</SPAN></B><B
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极坐标法放样的数据是放样点到极点的距离（极距）以及该放样点与极点连线方向和极轴间的夹角（<SPAN
class=GramE>极</SPAN>角）。如下图中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">57</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">33</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">39</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒和</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">57.303m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
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</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>1-1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极坐标法放样</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">距离和夹角的计算由下列式子求得：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.75"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极坐标法适用于放样点离控制点较近（一般不超过</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv
w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False"
SourceValue="100" UnitName="m"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">100m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）而且<SPAN
class=GramE>便于量距的</SPAN>地方。当采用电磁波测距仪测量极距时，放样点到控制点的距离可以适当增长，作业更为灵活方便。工业建设场地厂房之间的管线<SPAN
class=GramE>放样常</SPAN>采用极坐标法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.2 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐标法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐标法放样是根据一条与坐标轴平行的控制线进行的。先沿着控制线量出放样点的横坐标，然后在该点沿垂直于控制线的方向放样出该点的纵坐标。这种方法只需要量距和测设直角，工作比较简单。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="TEXT-INDENT: 32.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 3.07"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=_x0000_i1029
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>1-2 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐标法放样</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如在上图中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，……，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">6</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等点为</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">10 kV</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">母线通廓中心线上的点，其坐标均由设计人员给出。由图可见，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">6</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号点靠近矩形控制网的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">N1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—冷</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">5</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">边，故可以根据此边上的距离指标桩</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">119</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，利用直角坐标法进行放样。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐标法特别适用于放样靠近矩形控制网的并<SPAN
class=GramE>便于量距的</SPAN>建筑物。因矩形控制网的坐标与施工坐标是同一坐标系统，并与建筑物的轴线平行或垂直，所以应用直角坐标法放样时计算简单、测设方便。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.3 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前方交会法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前方交会定点的测量过程中，其观测</SPAN><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元素是在已知点上测定交会角度及已知点</SPAN><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到待放样点的距离。这时其放样元素可由已知点</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">B</SPAN><SPAN
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