no4.htm

常用经典算法及讲解

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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt;
  mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>定义</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(x xor y)</span></b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> <span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;</span>x,y</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>∈<span
lang=EN-US>N<sup>*</sup>, 两个非负十进制数</span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> x,y</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的按位异或</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> x xor y</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是对相应的二进制数按位进行</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>⊙</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>运算，其结果仍转换为十进制数</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果相应的二进制位数不等，较小的数前面的空白按零处理</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>例：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>10 xor 3 </span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的值是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>9.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一些高级计算机语言，如</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>C</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>扩展</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>)PASCAL</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>等都支持对十进制整数的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>xor</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>运算</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>参看</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>[1])</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;</span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>⊙</b></span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>运算的性质：</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;</span></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>性质</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1: (</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>交换律）</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>若</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>a,b</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>∈</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt'>{0,1}</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，则</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>a</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>⊙</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>b= b</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>⊙<span lang=EN-US>a.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</span></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>性质</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2:(结合律)</span></b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>若</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>a,b,c</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>∈</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt'>{0,1}</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，则</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(a</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>⊙</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>b)</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> ⊙c=a⊙(b⊙c).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>性质<span lang=EN-US>1、2 容易利用定义1中的真值表验证.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span