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mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;}span.msoIns {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:teal;}span.msoDel {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red;}span.msoChangeProp {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; color:black;} /* Page Definitions */@page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no; mso-gutter-position:top;}@page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;}--></style></head><body lang=ZH-CN style='tab-interval:21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation' bgcolor="#e8ffe8"><div class=Section1><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:96.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:6.0;mso-char-indent-size:16.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>第<span lang=EN-US> 2 章<spanstyle="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>分而治之算法<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:20.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:3.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>君主和殖民者们所成功运用的分而治之策略也可以运用到高效率的计算机算法的设计过程中。本章将首先介绍怎样在算法设计领域应用这一古老的策略，然后将利用这一策略解决如下问题：最小最大问题、矩阵乘法、残缺棋盘、排序、选择和一个计算几何问题——找出二维空间中距离最近的两个点。<spanlang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:20.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>本章给出了用来分析分而治之算法复杂性的数学方法，并通过推导最小最大问题和排序问题的复杂性下限来证明分而治之算法对于求解这两种问题是最优的（因为算法的复杂性与下限一致）。<spanlang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>2.1 </span><spanstyle='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>算法思想<spanlang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:20.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:20.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>分而治之方法与软件设计的模块化方法非常相似。为了解决一个大的问题，可以： </span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1) </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>把它分成两个或多个更小的问题； </span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>2) </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>分别解决每个小问题； </span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>3) </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>把各小问题的解答组合起来，即可得到原问题的解答。小问题通常与原问题相似，可以递归地使用分而治之策略来解决。<spanlang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;mso-char-indent-size:10.05pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>例<span lang=EN-US>2</span></span></b><b><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>-1 [</span></b><b><spanstyle='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>找出伪币</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>] </span></b><spanstyle='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>给你一个装有</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1 6</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>个硬币的袋子。</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1 6</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>个硬币中有一个是伪造的，并且那个伪造的硬币比真的硬币要轻一些。你的任务是找出这个伪造的硬币。为了帮助你完成这一任务，将提供一台可用来比较两组硬币重量的仪器，利用这台仪器，可以知道两组硬币的重量是否相同。比较硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>与硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>的重量。假如硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>比硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>轻，则硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>是伪造的；假如硬币</span><spanlang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:仿宋_GB2312;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;⌨️ 快捷键说明
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