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<title>80x86指令说明</title>
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<p align="center"><font size="5" color="#0000FF"><strong><u>80x86指令说明</u></strong></font></p>
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<td width="99%" align="center" height="26" bgcolor="#FFC8AA"><font color="#000080">[ <a target="_self" href="javascript:if(confirm('http://linux.ustc.edu.cn/~xjiang/program.htm \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because the server reports that this file cannot be found. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://linux.ustc.edu.cn/~xjiang/program.htm'" tppabs="http://linux.ustc.edu.cn/~xjiang/program.htm">返回目录</a> ]</font></td>
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<p><a name="scancode program"></a><br>
<font color="#008080">Intel 8086 Family Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3</font></p>
<pre><font color="#008080">Instruction Clock Cycle Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">8088/8086 Effective Address (EA) Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">Task State Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">FLAGS - Intel 8086 Family Flags Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">MSW - Machine Status Word (286+ only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">8086/80186/80286/80386/80486 Instruction Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
AAA - Ascii Adjust for Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
AAD - Ascii Adjust for Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
AAM - Ascii Adjust for Multiplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
AAS - Ascii Adjust for Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ADC - Add With Carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ADD - Arithmetic Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
AND - Logical And. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ARPL - Adjusted Requested Privilege Level of Selector (286+ PM). . 7
BOUND - Array Index Bound Check (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
BSF - Bit Scan Forward (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
BSR - Bit Scan Reverse (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
BSWAP - Byte Swap (486+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
BT - Bit Test (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
BTC - Bit Test with Compliment (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
BTR - Bit Test with Reset (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
BTS - Bit Test and Set (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CALL - Procedure Call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CBW - Convert Byte to Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CDQ - Convert Double to Quad (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CLC - Clear Carry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CLD - Clear Direction Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CLI - Clear Interrupt Flag (disable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CLTS - Clear Task Switched Flag (286+ privileged). . . . . . . . . 11
CMC - Complement Carry Flag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CMP - Compare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CMPS - Compare String (Byte, Word or Doubleword) . . . . . . . . . 12
CMPXCHG - Compare and Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CWD - Convert Word to Doubleword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CWDE - Convert Word to Extended Doubleword (386+). . . . . . . . . 13
DAA - Decimal Adjust for Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DAS - Decimal Adjust for Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DEC - Decrement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DIV - Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ENTER - Make Stack Frame (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
ESC - Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
HLT - Halt CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IDIV - Signed Integer Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IMUL - Signed Multiply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
IN - Input Byte or Word From Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INC - Increment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
INS - Input String from Port (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
INT - Interrupt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
INTO - Interrupt on Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
INVD - Invalidate Cache (486+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
INVLPG - Invalidate Translation Look-Aside Buffer Entry (486+) . . 17
IRET/IRETD - Interrupt Return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Jxx - Jump Instructions Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
JCXZ/JECXZ - Jump if Register (E)CX is Zero. . . . . . . . . . . . 18
JMP - Unconditional Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
LAHF - Load Register AH From Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
LAR - Load Access Rights (286+ protected). . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
LDS - Load Pointer Using DS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LEA - Load Effective Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LEAVE - Restore Stack for Procedure Exit (80188+). . . . . . . . . 20
LES - Load Pointer Using ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LFS - Load Pointer Using FS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
LGDT - Load Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged). . . . . . . 21
LIDT - Load Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . 21
LGS - Load Pointer Using GS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
LLDT - Load Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . . . 22
LMSW - Load Machine Status Word (286+ privileged). . . . . . . . . 22
LOCK - Lock Bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
LODS - Load String (Byte, Word or Double). . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
LOOP - Decrement CX and Loop if CX Not Zero. . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LOOPE/LOOPZ - Loop While Equal / Loop While Zero . . . . . . . . . 23
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE - Loop While Not Zero / Loop While Not Equal . . . . 23
LSL - Load Segment Limit (286+ protected). . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LSS - Load Pointer Using SS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
LTR - Load Task Register (286+ privileged) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
MOV - Move Byte or Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
MOVS - Move String (Byte or Word). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MOVSX - Move with Sign Extend (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MOVZX - Move with Zero Extend (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MUL - Unsigned Multiply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NEG - Two's Complement Negation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NOP - No Operation (90h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NOT - One's Compliment Negation (Logical NOT). . . . . . . . . . . 26
OR - Inclusive Logical OR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
OUT - Output Data to Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
OUTS - Output String to Port (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
POP - Pop Word off Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
POPA/POPAD - Pop All Registers onto Stack (80188+). . . . . . . . 28
POPF/POPFD - Pop Flags off Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
PUSH - Push Word onto Stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
PUSHA/PUSHAD - Push All Registers onto Stack (80188+) . . . . . . 28
PUSHF/PUSHFD - Push Flags onto Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
RCL - Rotate Through Carry Left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
RCR - Rotate Through Carry Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
REP - Repeat String Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
REPE/REPZ - Repeat Equal / Repeat Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
REPNE/REPNZ - Repeat Not Equal / Repeat Not Zero . . . . . . . . . 30
RET/RETF - Return From Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ROL - Rotate Left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ROR - Rotate Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SAHF - Store AH Register into FLAGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
SAL/SHL - Shift Arithmetic Left / Shift Logical Left . . . . . . . 32
SAR - Shift Arithmetic Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
SBB - Subtract with Borrow/Carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SCAS - Scan String (Byte, Word or Doubleword) . . . . . . . . . . 33
SETAE/SETNB - Set if Above or Equal / Set if Not Below (386+). . . 33
SETB/SETNAE - Set if Below / Set if Not Above or Equal (386+). . . 33
SETBE/SETNA - Set if Below or Equal / Set if Not Above (386+). . . 34
SETE/SETZ - Set if Equal / Set if Zero (386+). . . . . . . . . . . 34
SETNE/SETNZ - Set if Not Equal / Set if Not Zero (386+). . . . . . 34
SETL/SETNGE - Set if Less / Set if Not Greater or Equal (386+) . . 34
SETGE/SETNL - Set if Greater or Equal / Set if Not Less (386+) . . 35
SETLE/SETNG - Set if Less or Equal / Set if Not greater or Equal (386+) 35
SETG/SETNLE - Set if Greater / Set if Not Less or Equal (386+) . . 35
SETS - Set if Signed (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
SETNS - Set if Not Signed (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SETC - Set if Carry (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SETNC - Set if Not Carry (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SETO - Set if Overflow (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SETNO - Set if Not Overflow (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SETP/SETPE - Set if Parity / Set if Parity Even (386+). . . . . . 37
SETNP/SETPO - Set if No Parity / Set if Parity Odd (386+). . . . . 37
SGDT - Store Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . . 37
SIDT - Store Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged). . . . . 37
SHL - Shift Logical Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
SHR - Shift Logical Right. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
SHLD/SHRD - Double Precision Shift (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
SLDT - Store Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged). . . . . . . 38
SMSW - Store Machine Status Word (286+ privileged) . . . . . . . . 38
STC - Set Carry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
STD - Set Direction Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
STI - Set Interrupt Flag (Enable Interrupts). . . . . . . . . . . 39
STOS - Store String (Byte, Word or Doubleword). . . . . . . . . . 39
STR - Store Task Register (286+ privileged). . . . . . . . . . . . 39
SUB - Subtract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
TEST - Test For Bit Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VERR - Verify Read (286+ protected). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VERW - Verify Write (286+ protected) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
WAIT/FWAIT - Event Wait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
WBINVD - Write-Back and Invalidate Cache (486+). . . . . . . . . . 41
XCHG - Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
XLAT/XLATB - Translate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
XOR - Exclusive OR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">Intel 8086 Family Architecture</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> General Purpose Registers Segment Registers</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> AH/AL AX (EAX) Accumulator CS Code Segment
BH/BL BX (EBX) Base DS Data Segment
CH/CL CX (ECX) Counter SS Stack Segment
DH/DL DX (EDX) Data ES Extra Segment
(FS) 386 and newer
(Exx) indicates 386+ 32 bit register (GS) 386 and newer
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Pointer Registers Stack Registers</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> SI (ESI) Source Index SP (ESP) Stack Pointer
DI (EDI) Destination Index BP (EBP) Base Pointer
IP Instruction Pointer</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Status Registers</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> FLAGS Status Flags (see FLAGS)</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Special Registers (386+ only)</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> CR0 Control Register 0 DR0 Debug Register 0
CR2 Control Register 2 DR1 Debug Register 1
CR3 Control Register 3 DR2 Debug Register 2
DR3 Debug Register 3
TR4 Test Register 4 DR6 Debug Register 6
TR5 Test Register 5 DR7 Debug Register 7
TR6 Test Register 6
TR7 Test Register 7
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Register Default Segment Valid Overrides</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> BP SS DS, ES, CS
SI or DI DS ES, SS, CS
DI strings ES None
SI strings DS ES, SS, CS
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> - see CPU DETECTING Instruction Timing</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">Instruction Clock Cycle Calculation
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Some instructions require additional clock cycles due to a "Next
Instruction Component" identified by a "+m" in the instruction
clock cycle listings. This is due to the prefetch queue being
purge on a control transfers. Below is the general rule for
calculating "m":
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> 88/86 not applicable
286 "m" is the number of bytes in the next instruction
386 "m" is the number of components in the next instruction
(the instruction coding (each byte), plus the data and
the displacement are all considered components)
</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080">8088/8086 Effective Address (EA) Calculation</font></pre>
<pre><font color="#008080"> Description Clock Cycles</font></pre>
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