📄 lexicon.txt
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:cloud of smoke: = {smoke}
:cloverleaf: This name was given by Robert Wainwright to his p2
oscillator {washing machine}. But Achim Flammenkamp also gave this
name to {Achim's p4}.
:cluster: Any pattern in which each live cell is connected to every
other live cell by a path that does not pass through two consecutive
dead cells. This sense is due to Nick Gotts, but the term has also
been used in other senses, often imprecise.
:CNWH: Conweh, creator of the Life universe.
:Coe ship: (c/2 orthogonally, p16) A {puffer engine} discovered by Tim
Coe in October 1995.
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:Coe's p8: (p8) Found by Tim Coe in August 1997.
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:colorized Life: A {cellular automaton} which is the same as Life
except for the use of a number of different ON states ("colours").
All ON states behave the same for the purpose of applying the Life
rule, but additional rules are used to specify the colour of the
resulting ON cells. Examples are {Immigration} and {QuadLife}.
:colour of a glider: The colour of a {glider} is a property of the
glider which remains constant while the glider is moving along a
straight path, but which can be changed when the glider bounces off
a {reflector}. It is an important consideration when building
something using reflectors.
The colour of a glider can be defined as follows. First
choose some cell to be the origin. This cell is then considered
to be white, and all other cells to be black or white in a
checkerboard pattern. (So the cell with coordinates (m,n) is
white if m+n is even, and black otherwise.) Then the colour of
a glider is the colour of its leading cell when it is in a phase
which can be rotated to look like this:
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A reflector which does not change the colour of gliders obviously
cannot be used to move a glider onto a path of different colour than
it started on. But a 90-degree reflector which does change the
colour of gliders is similarly limited, as the colour of the
resulting glider will depend only on the direction of the glider,
no matter how many reflectors are used. For maximum flexibility,
therefore, both types of reflector are required.
:complementary blinker: = {fore and back}
:compression: = {repeat time}
:conduit: Any arrangement of {still life}s and/or {oscillator}s which
move an active object to another location, perhaps also transforming
it into a different active object at the same time, but without
leaving any permanent debris (except perhaps gliders, or other
spaceships) and without any of the still lifes or oscillators being
permanently damaged. Probably the most important conduit is the
following remarkable one (Dave Buckingham, July 1996) in which a
{B-heptomino} is transformed into a {Herschel} in 59 generations.
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:confused eaters: (p4) Found by Dave Buckingham before 1973.
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:converter: A {conduit} in which the input object is not of the same
type as the output object. This term tends to be preferred when
either the input object or the output object is a {spaceship}.
The following diagram shows a p8 {pi-heptomino}-to-{HWSS}
converter. This was originally found by Dave Buckingham in a
larger form (using a {figure-8} instead of the {boat}). The
improvement shown here is by Bill Gosper (August 1996). Dieter
Leithner has since found (much larger) {oscillator}s of periods 44,
46 and 60 to replace the {Kok's galaxy}.
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:convoy: A collection of {spaceship}s all moving in the same direction
at the same speed.
:Corder-: Prefix used for things involving {switch engine}s, after
Charles Corderman.
:Corder engine: = {switch engine}
:Cordergun: A {gun} firing {Cordership}s. The first was built by Jason
Summers in July 1999, using a {glider synthesis} by Stephen Silver.
:Cordership: Any {spaceship} based on {switch engine}s. These
necessarily move at a speed of c/12 diagonally with a period of 96
(or a multiple thereof). The first was found by Dean Hickerson
in April 1991. Corderships are the slowest spaceships so far
constructed, although arbitrarily slow spaceships are known to exist
(see {universal constructor}). Hickerson's original Cordership used
13 switch engines. He soon reduced this to 10, and in August 1993
to 7. In July 1998 he reduced it to 6. In January 2004, Paul Tooke
found the 3-engine Cordership shown below.
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:cousins: (p3) This contains two copies of the {stillater} {rotor}.
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:cover: The following {induction coil}. See {scrubber} for an example
of its use.
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:covered table: = {cap}
:cow: (c p8 fuse)
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:CP pulsar: = {pulsar}
:crane: (c/4 diagonally, p4) The following {spaceship} found by Nicolay
Beluchenko in September 2005, a minor modification of a {tubeater}
found earlier by Hartmut Holzwart. The wing is of the same form as
in the {swan} and {Canada goose}.
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:cross: (p3) Found by Robert Wainwright in October 1989.
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In February 1993, Hartmut Holzwart noticed that this is merely the
smallest of an infinite family of p3 oscillators. The next smallest
member is shown below.
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:crowd: (p3) Found by Dave Buckingham in January 1973.
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:crown: The p12 part of the following p12 {oscillator}, where it is
{hassle}d by {caterer}, a {jam} and a {HW emulator}. This oscillator
was found by Noam Elkies in January 1995.
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:crucible: = {cauldron}
:crystal: A regular growth that is sometimes formed when a stream of
{glider}s, or other {spaceship}s, is fired into some junk.
The most common example is initiated by the following collision
of a glider with a {block}. With a glider stream of even {period}
at least 82, this gives a crystal which forms a pair {beehive}s for
every 11 gliders which hit it.
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:cuphook: (p3) Found by Rich Schroeppel, October 1970. This is one of
only three essentially different p3 {oscillator}s with only three
cells in the {rotor}. The others are {1-2-3} and {stillater}.
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The above is the original form, but it can be made more compact:
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:curl: = {loop}
:dart: (c/3 orthogonally, p3) Found by David Bell, May 1992.
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:dead spark coil: (p1) Compare {spark coil}.
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:de Bruijn diagram: = {de Bruijn graph}
:de Bruijn graph: As applied to Life, a de Bruijn graph is a
graph showing which pieces can be linked to which other pieces
to form a valid part of a Life pattern of a particular kind.
For example, if we are interested in {still life}s, then we could
consider 2x3 rectangular pieces and the de Bruijn graph would show
which pairs of these can be overlapped to form 3x3 squares in which
the centre cell remains unchanged in the next generation.
David Eppstein's search program {gfind} is based on de Bruijn
graphs.
:Deep Cell: A pattern by Jared James Prince, based on David Bell's
{unit Life cell}, in which each unit cell simulates two Life cells,
in such a way that a Life universe filled with Deep Cells simulates
two independent Life universes running in parallel.
In fact, a Life universe filled with Deep Cells can simulate
infinitely many Life universes, as follows. Let P_1, P_2, P_3, ...
be a sequence of Life patterns. Set the Deep Cells to run a
simulation of P_1 in parallel with a simulation of a universe filled
with Deep Cells, with these simulated Deep Cells running a simulation
of P_2 in parallel with another simulation of a universe filled with
Deep Cells, with these doubly simulated Deep Cells simulating P_3 in
parallel with yet another universe of Deep Cells, and so on.
Deep Cell is available from {http://psychoticdeath.com/life.htm}.
:density: The density of a pattern is the limit of the proportion of
live cells in a (2n+1)x(2n+1) square centred on a particular cell as
n tends to infinity, when this limit exists. (Note that it does not
make any difference what cell is chosen as the centre cell. Also
note that if the pattern⌨️ 快捷键说明
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