lexicon.txt

exm for Experiments with MATLAB (by Cleve Moler in 2008), 这本书是关于MATLAB的教材

     A lot of known spaceships have multiple arms.  This is an artefact
   of the search methods used to find such spaceships, rather than an
   indication of what a "typical" spaceship might look like.

:ash:  The ({stable} or oscillating) debris left by a random reaction.
   Experiments show that for random {soup}s with moderate initial
   densities (say 0.25 to 0.5) the resulting ash has a density of about
   0.0287.  (This is, of course, based on what happens in finite fields.
   In infinite fields the situation may conceivably be different in the
   long run because of the effect of certain initially very rare objects
   such as {replicator}s.)

:aVerage: (p5)  Found by Dave Buckingham, 1973.  The average number
   of live {rotor} cells is five (V), which is also the period.
	...**........
	....***......
	..*....*.....
	.*.****.*....
	.*.*....*..*.
	**.***..*.*.*
	.*.*....*..*.
	.*.****.*....
	..*....*.....
	....***......
	...**........

:B: = {B-heptomino}

:B29: (c/4 diagonally, p4)  The following {spaceship}, found by Hartmut
   Holzwart in September 2004.
	.......***.......
	.......*.........
	***......*.......
	*......*.*.......
	.*....**.****....
	...****.*****.**.
	....**.......**.*

:B-52 bomber:  The following p104 {double-barrelled} {glider} {gun}.
   It uses a {B-heptomino} and emits one glider every 52 generations.
   It was found by Noam Elkies in March 1996, except that Elkies used
   {blocker}s instead of {mold}s, the improvement being found by
   David Bell later the same month.
	.**....................................
	.**.................*..................
	...................*.*............*.*..
	....................*............*.....
	**.......**.......................*..*.
	**.*.....**.......................*.*.*
	...*.......................*.......*..*
	...*.......................**.......**.
	*..*.................**.....*..........
	.**..................*.................
	.....................***...............
	....................................**.
	....................................**.
	.**....................................
	*..*...................................
	*.*.*................*.*....**.....**..
	.*..*.................**....**.....**.*
	.....*............*...*...............*
	..*.*............*.*..................*
	..................*................*..*
	....................................**.

:babbling brook:  Any {oscillator} whose {rotor} consists of a string
   of cells each of which is adjacent to exactly two other rotor cells,
   except for the endpoints which are adjacent to only one other rotor
   cell.  Compare {muttering moat}.  Examples include the {beacon}, the
   {great on-off}, the {light bulb} and the {spark coil}.  The following
   less trivial example (by Dean Hickerson, August 1997) is the only
   one known with more than four cells in its rotor.  It is p4 and has
   a 6-cell rotor.
	.......*........
	.....***....**..
	....*...**..*...
	.*..*.**..*.*...
	*.*.*....**..**.
	.**..**....*.*.*
	...*.*..**.*..*.
	...*..**...*....
	..**....***.....
	........*.......

:backrake:  Another term for a backwards {rake}.  A p8 example by
   Jason Summers is shown below.  See {total aperiodic} for a p12
   example.
	.....***...........***.....
	....*...*.........*...*....
	...**....*.......*....**...
	..*.*.**.**.....**.**.*.*..
	.**.*....*.**.**.*....*.**.
	*....*...*..*.*..*...*....*
	............*.*............
	**.......**.*.*.**.......**
	............*.*............
	......***.........***......
	......*...*.........*......
	......*.*....***...........
	............*..*....**.....
	...............*...........
	...........*...*...........
	...........*...*...........
	...............*...........
	............*.*............

:backward glider:  A {glider} which moves at least partly in the
   opposite direction to the {puffer}(s) or {spaceship}(s) under
   consideration.

:baker: (c p4 fuse)  A {fuse} by Keith McClelland.
	..............**
	.............*.*
	............*...
	...........*....
	..........*.....
	.........*......
	........*.......
	.......*........
	......*.........
	.....*..........
	....*...........
	...*............
	***.............
	.*..............

:baker's dozen: (p12)  A {loaf} {hassle}d by two {block}s and two
   {caterer}s.  The original form (using p4 and p6 oscillators to
   do the hassling) was found by Robert Wainwright in August 1989.
	**.........**..........
	****.*.....**..........
	*.*..***...............
	...........*...........
	....**....*.*..........
	....*.....*..*....*....
	...........**....**....
	.......................
	...............***..*.*
	..........**.....*.****
	..........**.........**

:bakery: (p1)  A common formation of two bi-loaves.
	....**....
	...*..*...
	...*.*....
	.**.*...*.
	*..*...*.*
	*.*...*..*
	.*...*.**.
	....*.*...
	...*..*...
	....**....

:barberpole:  Any p2 oscillator in the infinite sequence {bipole},
   {tripole}, {quadpole}, {pentapole}, {hexapole}, {heptapole} ...
   (It wasn't my idea to suddenly change from Latin to Greek.)
   This sequence of oscillators was found by the MIT group in 1970.
   The term is also used (usually in the form "barber pole") to
   describe other {extensible} sections of oscillators or spaceships,
   especially those (usually of period 2) in which all generations
   look alike except for a translation and/or rotation/reflection.

:barberpole intersection: = {quad}

:barber's pole: = {barberpole}

:barge: (p1)
	.*..
	*.*.
	.*.*
	..*.

:basic shuttle: = {queen bee shuttle}

:beacon: (p2)  The third most common {oscillator}.  Found by Conway,
   March 1970.
	**..
	*...
	...*
	..**

:beacon maker: (c p8 fuse)
	..............**
	.............*.*
	............*...
	...........*....
	..........*.....
	.........*......
	........*.......
	.......*........
	......*.........
	.....*..........
	....*...........
	...*............
	***.............
	..*.............
	..*.............

:beehive: (p1)  The second most common {still life}.
	.**.
	*..*
	.**.

:beehive and dock: (p1)
	...**.
	..*..*
	...**.
	......
	.****.
	*....*
	**..**

:beehive on big table: = {beehive and dock}

:beehive pusher: = {hivenudger}

:beehive with tail: (p1)
	.**...
	*..*..
	.**.*.
	....*.
	....**

:belly spark:  The spark of a {MWSS} or {HWSS} other than the
   {tail spark}.

:bent keys: (p3)  Found by Dean Hickerson, August 1989.  See also
   {odd keys} and {short keys}.
	.*........*.
	*.*......*.*
	.*.**..**.*.
	....*..*....
	....*..*....

:B-heptomino: (stabilizes at time 148)  This is a very common
   pattern.  It often arises with the cell at top left shifted one
   space to the left, which does not affect the subsequent evolution.
   B-heptominoes acquired particular importance in 1996 due
   to Dave Buckingham's work on {B track}s - see in particular
   {My Experience with B-heptominos in Oscillators}.
	*.**
	***.
	.*..

:B-heptomino shuttle: = {twin bees shuttle}

:bi-block: (p1)  The smallest {pseudo still life}.
	**.**
	**.**

:bi-boat: = {boat-tie}

:biclock:  The following {pure glider generator} consisting of two
   {clock}s.
	..*....
	**.....
	..**...
	.*...*.
	...**..
	.....**
	....*..

:big beacon: = {figure-8}

:big fish: = {HWSS}

:big glider: (c/4 diagonally, p4)  This was found by Dean Hickerson in
   December 1989 and was the first known diagonal {spaceship} other than
   the {glider}.
	...***............
	...*..***.........
	....*.*...........
	**.......*........
	*.*....*..*.......
	*........**.......
	.**...............
	.*..*.....*.**....
	.*.........**.*...
	...*.*......**..*.
	....**.*....**...*
	........*.......*.
	.......****...*.*.
	.......*.**...****
	........*...**.*..
	.............**...
	.........*.***....
	..........*..*....

:big S: (p1)
	....**.
	...*..*
	...*.**
	**.*...
	*..*...
	.**....

:big table: = {dock}

:billiard table configuration:  Any {oscillator} in which the {rotor}
   is enclosed within the {stator}.  Examples include {airforce},
   {cauldron}, {clock II}, {Hertz oscillator}, {negentropy},
   {pinwheel}, {pressure cooker} and {scrubber}.

:bi-loaf:  This term has been used in at least three different senses.
   A bi-loaf can be half a {bakery}:
	.*.....
	*.*....
	*..*...
	.**.*..
	...*.*.
	...*..*
	....**.
   or it can be the following much less common {still life}:
	..*....
	.*.*...
	*..*...
	.**.**.
	...*..*
	...*.*.
	....*..
   or the following {pure glider generator}:
	..*.
	.*.*
	*..*
	.**.
	*..*
	*.*.
	.*..

:bipole: (p2)  The {barberpole} of length 2.
	**...
	*.*..
	.....
	..*.*
	...**

:bi-pond: (p1)
	.**....
	*..*...
	*..*...
	.**.**.
	...*..*
	...*..*
	....**.

:bi-ship: = {ship-tie}

:bit:  A live {cell}.

:biting off more than they can chew: (p3)  Found by Peter Raynham,
   July 1972.
	*...........
	***.........
	...*........
	..**........
	...**.......
	....**......
	...*..*.....
	...*..**....
	....**.***..
	........*.*.
	..........*.
	..........**

:Black&White: = {Immigration}

:blasting cap:  The {pi-heptomino} (after the shape at generation 1).
   A term used at MIT and still occasionally encountered.

:blinker: (p2)  The smallest and most common {oscillator}.  Found by
   Conway, March 1970.
	***

:blinker puffer:  Any {puffer} whose output is {blinker}s.  However,
   the term is particularly used for p8 c/2 puffers.  The first such
   blinker puffer was found by Robert Wainwright in 1984, and was
   unexpectedly simple:
	...*.....
	.*...*...
	*........
	*....*...
	*****....
	.........
	.........
	.........
	.**......
	**.***...
	.****....
	..**.....
	.........
	.....**..
	...*....*
	..*......
	..*.....*
	..******.
   Since then many more blinker puffers have been found.  The following
   one was found by David Bell in 1992 when he was trying to extend an
   {x66}:
	.............***.
	............*****
	...........**.***
	............**...
	.................
	.................
	.........*.*.....
	..*.....*..*.....
	.*****...*.*.....