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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Starting the Installation</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Pre-installation Tasks" href="install-pre.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Introducing Sysinstall" href="using-sysinstall.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install-pre.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="using-sysinstall.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL-START" name="INSTALL-START">2.3 Starting theInstallation</a></h1><div class="IMPORTANT"><blockquote class="IMPORTANT"><p><b>Important:</b> By default, the installation will not make any changes to yourdisk(s) until you see the following message:</p><pre class="LITERALLAYOUT">Last Chance: Are you SURE you want continue the installation?If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WESTRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!</pre><p>The install can be exited at any time prior to the final warning without changing thecontents of the hard drive. If you are concerned that you have configured somethingincorrectly you can just turn the computer off before this point, and no damage will bedone.</p></blockquote></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-STARTING" name="INSTALL-STARTING">2.3.1 Booting</a></h2><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALL-STARTING-I386" name="INSTALL-STARTING-I386">2.3.1.1Booting for the <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>™</a></h3><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p>Start with your computer turned off.</p></li><li><p>Turn on the computer. As it starts it should display an option to enter the system setup menu, or BIOS, commonly reached by keys like <b class="KEYCAP">F2</b>, <bclass="KEYCAP">F10</b>, <b class="KEYCAP">Del</b>, or <b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<bclass="KEYCAP">S</b>. Use whichever keystroke is indicated on screen. In some cases yourcomputer may display a graphic while it starts. Typically, pressing <bclass="KEYCAP">Esc</b> will dismiss the graphic and allow you to see the necessarymessages.</p></li><li><p>Find the setting that controls which devices the system boots from. This is usuallylabeled as the ``Boot Order'' and commonly shown as a list of devices, such as <varclass="LITERAL">Floppy</var>, <var class="LITERAL">CDROM</var>, <varclass="LITERAL">First Hard Disk</var>, and so on.</p><p>If you needed to prepare boot floppies, then make sure that the floppy disk isselected. If you are booting from the CDROM then make sure that that is selected instead.In case of doubt, you should consult the manual that came with your computer, and/or itsmotherboard.</p><p>Make the change, then save and exit. The computer should now restart.</p></li><li><p>If you needed to prepare boot floppies, as described in <ahref="install-pre.html#INSTALL-FLOPPIES">Section 2.2.7</a>, then one of them will be thefirst boot disc, probably the one containing <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>. Put thisdisc in your floppy drive.</p><p>If you are booting from CDROM, then you will need to turn on the computer, and insertthe CDROM at the first opportunity.</p><p>If your computer starts up as normal and loads your existing operating system, theneither:</p><ol type="1"><li><p>The disks were not inserted early enough in the boot process. Leave them in, and tryrestarting your computer.</p></li><li><p>The BIOS changes earlier did not work correctly. You should redo that step until youget the right option.</p></li><li><p>Your particular BIOS does not support booting from the desired media.</p></li></ol></li><li><p>FreeBSD will start to boot. If you are booting from CDROM you will see a displaysimilar to this (version information omitted):</p><pre class="SCREEN">Verifying DMI Pool Data ........Boot from ATAPI CD-ROM : 1. FD 2.88MB System Type-(00)Uncompressing ... doneBTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01Console: internal video/keyboardBIOS drive A: is disk0BIOS drive B: is disk1BIOS drive C: is disk2BIOS drive D: is disk3BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memoryFreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 ||Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _</pre><p>If you are booting from floppy disc, you will see a display similar to this (versioninformation omitted):</p><pre class="SCREEN">Verifying DMI Pool Data ........ BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01 Console: internal video/keyboard BIOS drive A: is disk0 BIOS drive C: is disk1 BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8 /kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:</pre><p>Follow these instructions by removing the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disc,insert the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> disc, and press <bclass="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p></li><li><p>Whether you booted from floppy or CDROM, the boot process will then get to thispoint:</p><pre class="SCREEN">Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt. Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _</pre><p>Either wait ten seconds, or press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. This will then launchthe kernel configuration menu.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1387" name="AEN1387">2.3.1.2 Booting for the Alpha</a></h3><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p>Start with your computer turned off.</p></li><li><p>Turn on the computer and wait for a boot monitor prompt.</p></li><li><p>If you needed to prepare boot floppies, as described in <ahref="install-pre.html#INSTALL-FLOPPIES">Section 2.2.7</a> then one of them will be thefirst boot disc, probably the one containing <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>. Put thisdisc in your floppy drive and type the following command to boot the disk (substitutingthe name of your floppy drive if necessary):</p><pre class="SCREEN">>>><kbd class="USERINPUT">BOOT DVA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''</kbd></pre><p>If you are booting from CDROM, insert the CDROM into the drive and type the followingcommand to start the installation (substituting the name of the appropriate CDROM driveif necessary):</p><pre class="SCREEN">>>><kbd class="USERINPUT">BOOT DKA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''</kbd></pre></li><li><p>FreeBSD will start to boot. If you are booting from a floppy disc, at some point youwill see the message:</p><pre class="SCREEN">Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:</pre><p>Follow these instructions by removing the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disc,insert the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> disc, and press <bclass="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p></li><li><p>Whether you booted from floppy or CDROM, the boot process will then get to thispoint:</p><pre class="SCREEN">Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt. Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _</pre><p>Either wait ten seconds, or press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. This will then launchthe kernel configuration menu.</p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="START-USERCONFIG" name="START-USERCONFIG">2.3.2 KernelConfiguration</a></h2><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> From FreeBSD versions 5.0 and later, userconfig has been deprecated infavor of the new <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+6-current"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>method. For more information on <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+6-current"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>please visit <a href="device-hints.html">Section 12.5</a></p></blockquote></div><p>The <i class="FIRSTTERM">kernel</i> is the core of the operating system. It isresponsible for many things, including access to all the devices you may have on yoursystem, such as hard disks, network cards, sound cards, and so on. Each piece of hardwaresupported by the FreeBSD kernel has a driver associated with it. Each driver has a two orthree letter name, such as <tt class="DEVICENAME">sa</tt> for the SCSI sequential accessdriver, or <tt class="DEVICENAME">sio</tt> for the Serial I/O driver (which manages COMports).</p><p>When the kernel starts, each driver checks the system to see whether or not thehardware it supports exists on your system. If it does, then the driver configures thehardware and makes it available to the rest of the kernel.</p><p>This checking is commonly referred to as <i class="FIRSTTERM">device probing</i>.Unfortunately, it is not always possible to do this in a safe way. Some hardware driversdo not co-exist well, and probing for one piece of hardware can sometimes leave anotherin an inconsistent state. This is a basic limitation of the <acronymclass="ACRONYM">PC</acronym> design.</p><p>Many older devices are called ISA devices--as opposed to PCI devices. The ISAspecification requires each device to have some information hard coded into it, typicallythe Interrupt Request Line number (IRQ) and IO port address that the driver uses. Thisinformation is commonly set by using physical <i class="FIRSTTERM">jumpers</i> on thecard, or by using a DOS based utility.</p><p>This was often a source of problems, because it was not possible to have two devicesthat shared the same IRQ or port address.</p><p>Newer devices follow the PCI specification, which does not require this, as thedevices are supposed to cooperate with the BIOS, and are told which IRQ and IO portaddresses to use.</p><p>If you have any ISA devices in your computer then FreeBSD's driver for that devicewill need to be configured with the IRQ and port address that you have set the card to.This is why carrying out an inventory of your hardware (see <ahref="install-pre.html#INSTALL-INVENTORY">Section 2.2.1</a>) can be useful.</p><p>Unfortunately, the default IRQs and memory ports used by some drivers clash. This isbecause some ISA devices are shipped with IRQs or memory ports that clash. The defaultsin FreeBSD's drivers are deliberately set to mirror the manufacturer's defaults, so that,out of the box, as many devices as possible will work.</p><p>This is almost never an issue when running FreeBSD day-to-day. Your computer will notnormally contain two pieces of hardware that clash, because one of them would not work(irrespective of the operating system you are using).</p><p>It becomes an issue when you are installing FreeBSD for the first time because thekernel used to carry out the install has to contain as many drivers as possible, so thatmany different hardware configurations can be supported. This means that some of thosedrivers will have conflicting configurations. The devices are probed in a strict order,and if you own a device that is probed late in the process, but conflicted with anearlier probe, then your hardware might not function or be probed correctly when youinstall FreeBSD.</p>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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