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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Advanced Installation Guide</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Troubleshooting" href="install-trouble.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Preparing Your Own Installation Media"href="install-diff-media.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install-trouble.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="install-diff-media.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL-ADVANCED" name="INSTALL-ADVANCED">2.12 AdvancedInstallation Guide</a></h1><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Contributed by</span> ValentinoVaschetto.</i> <p>This section describes how to install FreeBSD in exceptional cases.</p><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="HEADLESS-INSTALL" name="HEADLESS-INSTALL">2.12.1 InstallingFreeBSD on a System without a Monitor or Keyboard</a></h2><p>This type of installation is called a ``headless install'', because the machine thatyou are trying to install FreeBSD on either does not have a monitor attached to it, ordoes not even have a VGA output. How is this possible you ask? Using a serial console. Aserial console is basically using another machine to act as the main display and keyboardfor a system. To do this, just follow the steps to create installation floppies,explained in <a href="install-pre.html#INSTALL-FLOPPIES">Section 2.2.7</a>.</p><p>To modify these floppies to boot into a serial console, follow these steps:</p><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p><b>Enabling the Boot Floppies to Boot into a Serial Console</b></p><p>If you were to boot into the floppies that you just made, FreeBSD would boot into itsnormal install mode. We want FreeBSD to boot into a serial console for our install. To dothis, you have to mount the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy onto your FreeBSDsystem using the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> command.</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount /dev/fd0 /mnt</kbd></pre><p>Now that you have the floppy mounted, you must change into the <ttclass="FILENAME">/mnt</tt> directory:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /mnt</kbd></pre><p>Here is where you must set the floppy to boot into a serial console. You have to makea file called <tt class="FILENAME">boot.config</tt> containing <varclass="LITERAL">/boot/loader -h</var>. All this does is pass a flag to the bootloader toboot into a serial console.</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbdclass="USERINPUT">echo "/boot/loader -h" > boot.config</kbd></pre><p>Now that you have your floppy configured correctly, you must unmount the floppy usingthe <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umount&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umount</span>(8)</span></a> command:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /mnt</kbd></pre><p>Now you can remove the floppy from the floppy drive.</p></li><li><p><b>Connecting Your Null Modem Cable</b></p><p>You now need to connect a <a href="serial.html#TERM-CABLES-NULL">null modem cable</a>between the two machines. Just connect the cable to the serial ports of the 2 machines.<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">A normal serial cable will not workhere</i></span>, you need a null modem cable because it has some of the wires insidecrossed over.</p></li><li><p><b>Booting Up for the Install</b></p><p>It is now time to go ahead and start the install. Put the <ttclass="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy in the floppy drive of the machine you are doingthe headless install on, and power on the machine.</p></li><li><p><b>Connecting to Your Headless Machine</b></p><p>Now you have to connect to that machine with <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cu -l /dev/cuaa0</kbd></pre></li></ol></div><p>That's it! You should now be able to control the headless machine through your <ttclass="COMMAND">cu</tt> session. It will ask you to put in the <ttclass="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt>, and then it will come up with a selection of what kindof terminal to use. Select the FreeBSD color console and proceed with your install!</p></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="install-trouble.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="install-diff-media.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Troubleshooting</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="install.html"accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Preparing Your Own Installation Media</td></tr></table></div><p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <ahref="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p><p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting <<ahref="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.<br />For questions about this documentation, e-mail <<ahref="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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