install-pre.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

Details</a></h2>

<p>If you intend to connect to a network as part of your FreeBSD installation (for
example, if you will be installing from an FTP site or an NFS server), then you need to
know your network configuration. You will be prompted for this information during the
installation so that FreeBSD can connect to the network to complete the install.</p>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1192" name="AEN1192">2.2.4.1 Connecting to an Ethernet
Network or Cable/DSL Modem</a></h3>

<p>If you connect to an Ethernet network, or you have an Internet connection using an
Ethernet adapter via cable or DSL, then you will need the following information:</p>

<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>IP address</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>IP address of the default gateway</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Hostname</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>DNS server IP addresses</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Subnet Mask</p>
</li>
</ol>

<p>If you do not know this information, then ask your system administrator or service
provider. They may say that this information is assigned automatically, using <i
class="FIRSTTERM">DHCP</i>. If so, make a note of this.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1208" name="AEN1208">2.2.4.2 Connecting Using a
Modem</a></h3>

<p>If you dial up to an ISP using a regular modem then you can still install FreeBSD over
the Internet, it will just take a very long time.</p>

<p>You will need to know:</p>

<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>The phone number to dial for your ISP</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>The COM: port your modem is connected to</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>The username and password for your ISP account</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1219" name="AEN1219">2.2.5 Check for FreeBSD Errata</a></h2>

<p>Although the FreeBSD project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD is as
stable as possible, bugs do occasionally creep into the process. On very rare occasions
those bugs affect the installation process. As these problems are discovered and fixed,
they are noted in the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/errata.html"
target="_top">FreeBSD Errata</a>, which is found on the FreeBSD web site. You should
check the errata before installing to make sure that there are no late-breaking problems
which you should be aware of.</p>

<p>Information about all the releases, including the errata for each release, can be
found on the <a href="../../../../releases/index.html" target="_top">release
information</a> section of the <a href="../../../../index.html" target="_top">FreeBSD web
site</a>.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1226" name="AEN1226">2.2.6 Obtain the FreeBSD Installation
Files</a></h2>

<p>The FreeBSD installation process can install FreeBSD from files located in any of the
following places:</p>

<p><b>Local Media</b></p>

<ul>
<li>
<p>A CDROM or DVD</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>A DOS partition on the same computer</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>A SCSI or QIC tape</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Floppy disks</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p><b>Network</b></p>

<ul>
<li>
<p>An FTP site, going through a firewall, or using an HTTP proxy, as necessary</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>An NFS server</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>A dedicated parallel or serial connection</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>If you have purchased FreeBSD on CD or DVD then you already have everything you need,
and should proceed to the next section (<a
href="install-pre.html#INSTALL-FLOPPIES">Section 2.2.7</a>).</p>

<p>If you have not obtained the FreeBSD installation files you should skip ahead to <a
href="install-diff-media.html">Section 2.13</a> which explains how to prepare to install
FreeBSD from any of the above. After reading that section, you should come back here, and
read on to <a href="install-pre.html#INSTALL-FLOPPIES">Section 2.2.7</a>.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-FLOPPIES" name="INSTALL-FLOPPIES">2.2.7 Prepare the Boot
Media</a></h2>

<p>The FreeBSD installation process is started by booting your computer into the FreeBSD
installer--it is not a program you run within another operating system. Your computer
normally boots using the operating system installed on your hard disk, but it can also be
configured to use a ``bootable'' floppy disk. Most modern computers can also boot from a
CDROM in the CDROM drive.</p>

<div class="TIP">
<blockquote class="TIP">
<p><b>Tip:</b> If you have FreeBSD on CDROM or DVD (either one you purchased or you
prepared yourself), and your computer allows you to boot from the CDROM or DVD (typically
a BIOS option called ``Boot Order'' or similar), then you can skip this section. The
FreeBSD CDROM and DVD images are bootable and can be used to install FreeBSD without any
other special preparation.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>To create boot floppy images, follow these steps:</p>

<div class="PROCEDURE">
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p><b>Acquire the Boot Floppy Images</b></p>

<p>The boot disks are available on your installation media in the <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> directory, and can also be downloaded from the floppies
directory, <var class="LITERAL">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;arch&gt;</var>/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;version&gt;</var>-RELEASE/floppies/</var>. Replace <var
class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;arch&gt;</var> and <var class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;version&gt;</var>
with the architecture and the version number which you want to install, respectively. For
example, the boot floppy images for FreeBSD&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE for <span
class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482; are available from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/5.2.1-RELEASE/floppies/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/5.2.1-RELEASE/floppies/</a>.</p>

<p>The floppy images have a <tt class="FILENAME">.flp</tt> extension. The <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> directory contains a number of different images, and the
ones you will need to use depends on the version of FreeBSD you are installing, and in
some cases, the hardware you are installing to. In most cases you will just need two
files, <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt>.
Additional device drivers may be necessary for some systems. These drivers are provided
on the <tt class="FILENAME">drivers.flp</tt> image. Check <tt
class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt> in the same directory for the most up to date
information about these floppy images.</p>

<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Your FTP program must use <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">binary mode</i></span> to download these disk images. Some web browsers
have been known to use <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">text</i></span> (or
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ASCII</i></span>) mode, which will be apparent
if you cannot boot from the disks.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>

<li>
<p><b>Prepare the Floppy Disks</b></p>

<p>You must prepare one floppy disk per image file you had to download. It is imperative
that these disks are free from defects. The easiest way to test this is to format the
disks for yourself. Do not trust pre-formatted floppies. The format utility in <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> will not tell about the presence of bad blocks, it
simply marks them as ``bad'' and ignores them. It is advised that you use brand new
floppies if choosing this installation route.</p>

<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> If you try to install FreeBSD and the installation program crashes,
freezes, or otherwise misbehaves, one of the first things to suspect is the floppies. Try
writing the floppy image files to new disks and try again.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>

<li>
<p><b>Write the Image Files to the Floppy Disks</b></p>

<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">.flp</tt> files are <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> regular files you copy to the disk. They are images of
the complete contents of the disk. This means that you <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">cannot</i></span> simply copy files from one disk to another. Instead,
you must use specific tools to write the images directly to the disk.</p>

<p>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running <span
class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>/<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, then we provide a
tool to do this called <tt class="COMMAND">fdimage</tt>.</p>

<p>If you are using the floppies from the CDROM, and your CDROM is the <tt
class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> drive, then you would run this:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">E:\&gt;</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Repeat this command for each <tt class="FILENAME">.flp</tt> file, replacing the floppy
disk each time, being sure to label the disks with the name of the file that you copied
to them. Adjust the command line as necessary, depending on where you have placed the <tt
class="FILENAME">.flp</tt> files. If you do not have the CDROM, then <tt
class="COMMAND">fdimage</tt> can be downloaded from the <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/" target="_top"><tt
class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory</a> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</p>

<p>If you are writing the floppies on a <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>&reg; system
(such as another FreeBSD system) you can use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> command to write
the image files directly to disk. On FreeBSD, you would run:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>

<p>On FreeBSD, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/fd0</tt> refers to the first floppy disk (the
<tt class="DEVICENAME">A:</tt> drive). <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/fd1</tt> would be the
<tt class="DEVICENAME">B:</tt> drive, and so on. Other <span
class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> variants might have different names for the floppy disk
devices, and you will need to check the documentation for the system as necessary.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>

<p>You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
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<p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p>

<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a>&#62;.<br />
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