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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Pre-installation Tasks</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Starting the Installation" href="install-start.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="install-start.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL-PRE" name="INSTALL-PRE">2.2 Pre-installationTasks</a></h1><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-INVENTORY" name="INSTALL-INVENTORY">2.2.1 Inventory YourComputer</a></h2><p>Before installing FreeBSD you should attempt to inventory the components in yourcomputer. The FreeBSD installation routines will show you the components (hard disks,network cards, CDROM drives, and so forth) with their model number and manufacturer.FreeBSD will also attempt to determine the correct configuration for these devices, whichincludes information about IRQ and IO port usage. Due to the vagaries of PC hardware thisprocess is not always completely successful, and you may need to correct FreeBSD'sdetermination of your configuration.</p><p>If you already have another operating system installed, such as <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>® or Linux, it is a good idea to use the facilitiesprovided by those operating systems to see how your hardware is already configured. Ifyou are not sure what settings an expansion card is using, you may find it printed on thecard itself. Popular IRQ numbers are 3, 5, and 7, and IO port addresses are normallywritten as hexadecimal numbers, such as 0x330.</p><p>We recommend you print or write down this information before installing FreeBSD. Itmay help to use a table, like this:</p><div class="TABLE"><a id="AEN1042" name="AEN1042"></a><p><b>Table 2-1. Sample Device Inventory</b></p><table border="0" frame="void" width="100%" class="CALSTABLE"><col width="25%" /><col width="12%" /><col width="12%" /><col width="50%" /><thead><tr><th>Device Name</th><th>IRQ</th><th>IO port(s)</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>First hard disk</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>40 GB, made by Seagate, first IDE master</td></tr><tr><td>CDROM</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>First IDE slave</td></tr><tr><td>Second hard disk</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>20 GB, made by IBM, second IDE master</td></tr><tr><td>First IDE controller</td><td>14</td><td>0x1f0</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>Network card</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td><span class="TRADEMARK">Intel</span>® 10/100</td></tr><tr><td>Modem</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td><span class="TRADEMARK">3Com</span>® 56K faxmodem, on COM1</td></tr><tr><td>...</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1090" name="AEN1090">2.2.2 Backup Your Data</a></h2><p>If the computer you will be installing FreeBSD on contains valuable data, then ensureyou have it backed up, and that you have tested the backups before installing FreeBSD.The FreeBSD installation routine will prompt you before writing any data to your disk,but once that process has started it cannot be undone.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-WHERE" name="INSTALL-WHERE">2.2.3 Decide Where toInstall FreeBSD</a></h2><p>If you want FreeBSD to use your entire hard disk, then there is nothing more toconcern yourself with at this point -- you can skip this section.</p><p>However, if you need FreeBSD to co-exist with other operating systems then you need tohave a rough understanding of how data is laid out on the disk, and how this affectsyou.</p><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALL-WHERE-I386" name="INSTALL-WHERE-I386">2.2.3.1 DiskLayouts for the <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>™</a></h3><p>A PC disk can be divided into discrete chunks. These chunks are called <iclass="FIRSTTERM">partitions</i>. By design, the PC only supports four partitions perdisk. These partitions are called <i class="FIRSTTERM">primary partitions</i>. To workaround this limitation and allow more than four partitions, a new partition type wascreated, the <i class="FIRSTTERM">extended partition</i>. A disk may contain only oneextended partition. Special partitions, called <i class="FIRSTTERM">logicalpartitions</i>, can be created inside this extended partition.</p><p>Each partition has a <i class="FIRSTTERM">partition ID</i>, which is a number used toidentify the type of data on the partition. FreeBSD partitions have the partition ID of<var class="LITERAL">165</var>.</p><p>In general, each operating system that you use will identify partitions in aparticular way. For example, DOS, and its descendants, like <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, assign each primary and logical partition a <iclass="FIRSTTERM">drive letter</i>, starting with <tt class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>.</p><p>FreeBSD must be installed into a primary partition. FreeBSD can keep all its data,including any files that you create, on this one partition. However, if you have multipledisks, then you can create a FreeBSD partition on all, or some, of them. When you installFreeBSD, you must have one partition available. This might be a blank partition that youhave prepared, or it might be an existing partition that contains data that you no longercare about.</p><p>If you are already using all the partitions on all your disks, then you will have tofree one of them for FreeBSD using the tools provided by the other operating systems youuse (e.g., <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> on DOS or <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>).</p><p>If you have a spare partition then you can use that. However, you may need to shrinkone or more of your existing partitions first.</p><p>A minimal installation of FreeBSD takes as little as 100 MB of disk space.However, that is a <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">very</i></span> minimalinstall, leaving almost no space for your own files. A more realistic minimum is250 MB without a graphical environment, and 350 MB or more if you want agraphical user interface. If you intend to install a lot of third party software as well,then you will need more space.</p><p>You can use a commercial tool such as <b class="APPLICATION"><spanclass="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span>®</b> to resize your partitions to make spacefor FreeBSD. The <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory on the CDROM contains two freesoftware tools which can carry out this task, namely <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> and<b class="APPLICATION">PResizer</b>. Documentation for both of these is available in thesame directory. <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, <b class="APPLICATION">PResizer</b>, and<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span></b> can resize<acronym class="ACRONYM">FAT16</acronym> and <acronym class="ACRONYM">FAT32</acronym>partitions -- used in <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>® through <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> ME. <b class="APPLICATION"><spanclass="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span></b> is the only known application that can resize<acronym class="ACRONYM">NTFS</acronym>.</p><div class="WARNING"><blockquote class="WARNING"><p><b>Warning:</b> Incorrect use of these tools can delete the data on your disk. Be surethat you have recent, working backups before using them.</p></blockquote></div><div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN1138" name="AEN1138"></a><p><b>Example 2-1. Using an Existing Partition Unchanged</b></p><p>Suppose that you have a computer with a single 4 GB disk that already has aversion of <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> installed, and you have split the diskinto two drive letters, <tt class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt> and <ttclass="DEVICENAME">D:</tt>, each of which is 2 GB in size. You have 1 GB ofdata on <tt class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>, and 0.5 GB of data on <ttclass="DEVICENAME">D:</tt>.</p><p>This means that your disk has two partitions on it, one per drive letter. You can copyall your existing data from <tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> to <ttclass="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>, which will free up the second partition, ready forFreeBSD.</p></div><div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN1149" name="AEN1149"></a><p><b>Example 2-2. Shrinking an Existing Partition</b></p><p>Suppose that you have a computer with a single 4 GB disk that already has aversion of <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> installed. When you installed <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> you created one large partition, giving you a <ttclass="DEVICENAME">C:</tt> drive that is 4 GB in size. You are currently using1.5 GB of space, and want FreeBSD to have 2 GB of space.</p><p>In order to install FreeBSD you will need to either:</p><ol type="1"><li><p>Backup your <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> data, and then reinstall <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, asking for a 2 GB partition at install time.</p></li><li><p>Use one of the tools such as <b class="APPLICATION"><spanclass="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span></b>, described above, to shrink your <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> partition.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1166" name="AEN1166">2.2.3.2 Disk Layouts for theAlpha</a></h3><p>You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD on the Alpha. It is not possible to share adisk with another operating system at this time. Depending on the specific Alpha machineyou have, this disk can either be a SCSI disk or an IDE disk, as long as your machine iscapable of booting from it.</p><p>Following the conventions of the Digital / Compaq manuals all SRM input is shown inuppercase. SRM is case insensitive.</p><p>To find the names and types of disks in your machine, use the <varclass="LITERAL">SHOW DEVICE</var> command from the SRM console prompt:</p><pre class="SCREEN">>>><kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW DEVICE</kbd>dka0.0.0.4.0 DKA0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57 3476dkc0.0.0.1009.0 DKC0 RZ1BB-BS 0658dkc100.1.0.1009.0 DKC100 SEAGATE ST34501W 0015dva0.0.0.0.1 DVA0ewa0.0.0.3.0 EWA0 00-00-F8-75-6D-01pkc0.7.0.1009.0 PKC0 SCSI Bus ID 7 5.27pqa0.0.0.4.0 PQA0 PCI EIDEpqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE</pre><p>This example is from a Digital Personal Workstation 433au and shows three disksattached to the machine. The first is a CDROM drive called <ttclass="DEVICENAME">DKA0</tt> and the other two are disks and are called <ttclass="DEVICENAME">DKC0</tt> and <tt class="DEVICENAME">DKC100</tt> respectively.</p><p>Disks with names of the form <tt class="DEVICENAME">DKx</tt> are SCSI disks. Forexample <tt class="DEVICENAME">DKA100</tt> refers to a SCSI disk with SCSI target ID 1 onthe first SCSI bus (A), whereas <tt class="DEVICENAME">DKC300</tt> refers to a SCSI diskwith SCSI ID 3 on the third SCSI bus (C). Devicename <tt class="DEVICENAME">PKx</tt>refers to the SCSI host bus adapter. As seen in the <var class="LITERAL">SHOWDEVICE</var> output SCSI CDROM drives are treated as any other SCSI hard disk drive.</p><p>IDE disks have names similar to <tt class="DEVICENAME">DQx</tt>, while <ttclass="DEVICENAME">PQx</tt> is the associated IDE controller.</p></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1189" name="AEN1189">2.2.4 Collect Your Network Configuration⌨️ 快捷键说明
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