current-stable.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

through as part of the upgrading process. Reading the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current"
target="_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a> and <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> will keep you up-to-date on other bootstrapping
procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move toward the next release.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-CURRENT, we want to know what you have to say
about it, especially if you have suggestions for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions
with accompanying code are received most enthusiastically!</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="STABLE" name="STABLE">19.2.2 Staying Stable with
FreeBSD</a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN27313" name="AEN27313">19.2.2.1 What Is
FreeBSD-STABLE?</a></h3>

<p>FreeBSD-STABLE is our development branch from which major releases are made. Changes
go into this branch at a different pace, and with the general assumption that they have
first gone into FreeBSD-CURRENT for testing. This is <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">still</i></span> a development branch, however, and this means that at
any given time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for any
particular purpose. It is simply another engineering development track, not a resource
for end-users.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN27319" name="AEN27319">19.2.2.2 Who Needs
FreeBSD-STABLE?</a></h3>

<p>If you are interested in tracking or contributing to the FreeBSD development process,
especially as it relates to the next ``point'' release of FreeBSD, then you should
consider following FreeBSD-STABLE.</p>

<p>While it is true that security fixes also go into the FreeBSD-STABLE branch, you do
not <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">need</i></span> to track FreeBSD-STABLE to
do this. Every security advisory for FreeBSD explains how to fix the problem for the
releases it affects <a id="AEN27325" name="AEN27325" href="#FTN.AEN27325"><span
class="footnote">[1]</span></a> , and tracking an entire development branch just for
security reasons is likely to bring in a lot of unwanted changes as well.</p>

<p>Although we endeavor to ensure that the FreeBSD-STABLE branch compiles and runs at all
times, this cannot be guaranteed. In addition, while code is developed in FreeBSD-CURRENT
before including it in FreeBSD-STABLE, more people run FreeBSD-STABLE than
FreeBSD-CURRENT, so it is inevitable that bugs and corner cases will sometimes be found
in FreeBSD-STABLE that were not apparent in FreeBSD-CURRENT.</p>

<p>For these reasons, we do <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span>
recommend that you blindly track FreeBSD-STABLE, and it is particularly important that
you do not update any production servers to FreeBSD-STABLE without first thoroughly
testing the code in your development environment.</p>

<p>If you do not have the resources to do this then we recommend that you run the most
recent release of FreeBSD, and use the binary update mechanism to move from release to
release.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN27332" name="AEN27332">19.2.2.3 Using FreeBSD-STABLE</a></h3>

<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>Join the <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable"
target="_top">freebsd-stable</a> list. This will keep you informed of build-dependencies
that may appear in FreeBSD-STABLE or any other issues requiring special attention.
Developers will also make announcements in this mailing list when they are contemplating
some controversial fix or update, giving the users a chance to respond if they have any
issues to raise concerning the proposed change.</p>

<p>The <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/cvs-all"
target="_top">cvs-all</a> list will allow you to see the commit log entry for each change
as it is made along with any pertinent information on possible side-effects.</p>

<p>To join these lists, or one of the others available go to <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo"
target="_top">http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo</a> and click on the list that
you wish to subscribe to. Instructions on the rest of the procedure are available
there.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>If you are installing a new system and want it to be as stable as possible, you can
simply grab the latest dated branch snapshot from <a
href="ftp://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/"
target="_top">ftp://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/</a> and install it
like any other release. Or you can install the most recent FreeBSD-STABLE release from
the <a href="mirrors.html">mirror sites</a> and follow the instructions below to upgrade
your system to the most up to date FreeBSD-STABLE source code.</p>

<p>If you are already running a previous release of FreeBSD and wish to upgrade via
sources then you can easily do so from FreeBSD <a href="mirrors.html">mirror site</a>.
This can be done in one of two ways:</p>

<ol type="a">
<li>
<p>Use the <a href="cvsup.html">cvsup</a> program with the <tt
class="FILENAME">supfile</tt> named <tt class="FILENAME">stable-supfile</tt> from the
directory <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/cvsup</tt>. This is the most
recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only
what has changed from then on. Many people run <tt class="COMMAND">cvsup</tt> from <tt
class="COMMAND">cron</tt> to keep their sources up-to-date automatically. You have to
customize the sample <tt class="FILENAME">supfile</tt> above, and configure <a
href="cvsup.html">cvsup</a> for your environment.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Use the <b class="APPLICATION"><a href="ctm.html">CTM</a></b> facility. If you do not
have a fast and inexpensive connection to the Internet, this is the method you should
consider using.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>

<li>
<p>Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications
bandwidth is not a consideration, use <tt class="COMMAND">cvsup</tt> or <tt
class="COMMAND">ftp</tt>. Otherwise, use <b class="APPLICATION">CTM</b>.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Before compiling FreeBSD-STABLE, read the <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> in <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt> carefully. You should at least <a
href="makeworld.html">install a new kernel and rebuild the world</a> the first time
through as part of the upgrading process. Reading the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable"
target="_top">FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list</a> and <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> will keep you up-to-date on other bootstrapping
procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move toward the next release.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">Notes</h3>

<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN27325" name="FTN.AEN27325"
href="current-stable.html#AEN27325"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
<p>That is not quite true. We can not continue to support old releases of FreeBSD
forever, although we do support them for many years. For a complete description of the
current security policy for old releases of FreeBSD, please see <a
href="../../../../security/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

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<p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p>

<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
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