install-post.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

time synchronization. When selected, a menu like the one below shows up:</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="NTPDATE-CONFIG" name="NTPDATE-CONFIG"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-53. Ntpdate Configuration</b></p>

<p><img src="install/ntp-config.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>From this menu, select the server which is the closest to your location. Selecting a
close one will make the time synchronization more accurate as a server further from your
location may have more connection latency.</p>

<p>The next option is the <acronym class="ACRONYM">PCNFSD</acronym> selection. This
option will install the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pcnfsd/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">net/pcnfsd</tt></a> package from the ports collection. This is a useful
utility which provides <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> authentication services for
systems which are unable to provide their own, such as Microsoft's <span
class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>&reg; operating system.</p>

<p>Now you must scroll down a bit to see the other options:</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION-CONT"
name="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION-CONT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-54. Network Configuration Lower-level</b></p>

<p><img src="install/net-config-menu2.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.statd&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.statd</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> utilities
are all used for Remote Procedure Calls (<acronym class="ACRONYM">RPC</acronym>). The <tt
class="COMMAND">rpcbind</tt> utility manages communication between <acronym
class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> servers and clients, and is required for <acronym
class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> servers to operate correctly. The <b
class="APPLICATION">rpc.statd</b> daemon interacts with the <b
class="APPLICATION">rpc.statd</b> daemon on other hosts to provide status monitoring. The
reported status is usually held in the <tt class="FILENAME">/var/db/statd.status</tt>
file. The next option listed here is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">rpc.lockd</span>
option, which, when selected, will provide file locking services. This is usually used
with <b class="APPLICATION">rpc.statd</b> to monitor what hosts are requesting locks and
how frequently they request them. While these last two options are marvelous for
debugging, they are not required for <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> servers and
clients to operate correctly.</p>

<p>As you progress down the list the next item here is <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Routed</span>, which is the routing daemon. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> utility
manages network routing tables, discovers multicast routers, and supplies a copy of the
routing tables to any physically connected host on the network upon request. This is
mainly used for machines which act as a gateway for the local network. When selected, a
menu will be presented requesting the default location of the utility. The default
location is already defined for you and can be selected with the <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> key. You will then be presented with yet another menu, this time
asking for the flags you wish to pass on to <b class="APPLICATION">routed</b>. The
default is <var class="OPTION">-q</var> and it should already appear on the screen.</p>

<p>Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Rwhod</span> option which, when
selected, will start the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rwhod</span>(8)</span></a> daemon during
system initialization. The <tt class="COMMAND">rwhod</tt> utility broadcasts system
messages across the network periodically, or collects them when in ``consumer'' mode.
More information can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ruptime&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ruptime</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwho&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rwho</span>(1)</span></a> manual
pages.</p>

<p>The next to the last option in the list is for the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=OpenBSD+3.4"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> daemon. This
is the secure shell server for <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> and it is highly
recommended over the standard <b class="APPLICATION">telnet</b> and <acronym
class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym> servers. The <b class="APPLICATION">sshd</b> server is used
to create a secure connection from one host to another by using encrypted
connections.</p>

<p>Finally there is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">TCP Extensions</span> option. This
enables the <acronym class="ACRONYM">TCP</acronym> Extensions defined in <acronym
class="ACRONYM">RFC</acronym>&nbsp;1323 and <acronym
class="ACRONYM">RFC</acronym>&nbsp;1644. While on many hosts this can speed up
connections, it can also cause some connections to be dropped. It is not recommended for
servers, but may be beneficial for stand alone machines.</p>

<p>Now that you have configured the network services, you can scroll up to the very top
item which is <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Exit</span> and continue on to the next
configuration section.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="X-SERVER" name="X-SERVER">2.9.12 Configure X Server</a></h2>

<p>In order to use a graphical user interface such as <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>, <b
class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, or others, the X server will need to be configured.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> In order to run <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>&#8482;</b> as a non <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> user
you will need to have <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/wrapper/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/wrapper</tt></a> installed. This is installed by default beginning
with FreeBSD 4.7. For earlier versions this can be added from the Package Selection
menu.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>To see whether your video card is supported, check the <a
href="http://www.xfree86.org/" target="_top"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></a>
web site.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                      User Confirmation Requested 
        Would you like to configure your X server at this time?

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> It is necessary to know your monitor specifications and video card
information. Equipment damage can occur if settings are incorrect. If you do not have
this information, select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;No&nbsp;]</span> and perform the
configuration after installation when you have the information using <tt
class="COMMAND">/stand/sysinstall</tt>, selecting <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Configure</span> and then <span class="GUIMENUITEM">XFree86</span>.
Improper configuration of the X server at this time can leave the machine in a frozen
state. It is often advised to configure the X server once the installation has
completed.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>If you have graphics card and monitor information, select <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to
proceed with configuring the X server.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="XSERVER2" name="XSERVER2"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-55. Select Configuration Method Menu</b></p>

<p><img src="install/xf86setup.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>There are several ways to configure the X server. Use the arrow keys to select one of
the methods and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. Be sure to read all instructions
carefully.</p>

<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">xf86cfg</b> and <b class="APPLICATION">xf86cfg
-textmode</b> methods may make the screen go dark and take a few seconds to start. Be
patient.</p>

<p>The following will illustrate the use of the <b class="APPLICATION">xf86config</b>
configuration tool. The configuration choices you make will depend on the hardware in the
system so your choices will probably be different than those shown:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                                Message
 You have configured and been running the mouse daemon. 
 Choose "/dev/sysmouse" as the mouse port and "SysMouse" or
 "MouseSystems" as the mouse protocol in the X configuration utility. 

                                 [ OK ]

                      [ Press enter to continue ]
</pre>

<p>This indicates that the mouse daemon previously configured has been detected. Press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue.</p>

<p>Starting <b class="APPLICATION">xf86config</b> will display a brief introduction:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu selections you
make.

The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/etc/X11 or /etc/X11. A sample
XF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standard
VGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for a
pathname when it is ready to write the file.

You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for your
configuration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for your
configuration and fine-tune it.

Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card
you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video
memory on your video card. SuperProbe may be able to help with this.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.
</pre>

<p>Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will start the mouse configuration. Be sure to
follow the instructions and use ``Mouse Systems'' as the mouse protocol and <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/sysmouse</tt> as the mouse port even if using a PS/2 mouse is shown
as an illustration.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list:

 1.  Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol)
 2.  Mouse Systems (3-button protocol) &#38; FreeBSD moused protocol
 3.  Bus Mouse
 4.  PS/2 Mouse
 5.  Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol)
 6.  Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible)
 7.  MM Series
 8.  MM HitTablet
 9.  Microsoft IntelliMouse

If you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you have
a three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There are
two main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select the
protocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held at
boot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by sending
a special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options).

Enter a protocol number: 2

You have selected a Mouse Systems protocol mouse. If your mouse is normally
in Microsoft-compatible mode, enabling the ClearDTR and ClearRTS options
may cause it to switch to Mouse Systems mode when the server starts.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable ClearDTR and ClearRTS? n

You have selected a three-button mouse protocol. It is recommended that you
do not enable Emulate3Buttons, unless the third button doesn't work.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons? y

Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example
/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.
On FreeBSD, the default is /dev/sysmouse.

Mouse device: /dev/sysmouse
</pre>

<p>The keyboard is the next item to be configured. A generic 101-key model is shown for
illustration. Any name may be used for the variant or simply press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to accept the default value.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
Please select one of the following keyboard types that is the better
description of your keyboard. If nothing really matches,
choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC)

  1  Generic 101-key PC                                
  2  Generic 102-key (Intl) PC                         
  3  Generic 104-key PC                                
  4  Generic 105-key (Intl) PC                         
  5  Dell 101-key PC                                   
  6  Everex STEPnote                                   
  7  Keytronic FlexPro                                 
  8  Microsoft Natural                                 
  9  Northgate OmniKey 101                             
 10  Winbook Model XP5                                 
 11  Japanese 106-key                                  
 12  PC-98xx Series                                    
 13  Brazilian ABNT2                                   
 14  HP Internet                                       
 15  Logitech iTouch                                   
 16  Logitech Cordless Desktop Pro                     
 17  Logitech Internet Keyboard                        
 18  Logitech Internet Navigator Keyboard              
 19  Compaq Internet                                   
 20  Microsoft Natural Pro                             
 21  Genius Comfy KB-16M                               
 22  IBM Rapid Access                                  
 23  IBM Rapid Access II                               
 24  Chicony Internet Keyboard                         
 25  Dell Internet Keyboard                            

Enter a number to choose the keyboard.

1


Please select the layout corresponding to your keyboard


  1  U.S. English                                      
  2  U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3                         
  3  U.S. English w/ deadkeys                          
  4  Albanian                                          
  5  Arabic                                            
  6  Armenian                                          
  7  Azerbaidjani                                      
  8  Belarusian                                        
  9  Belgian                                           
 10  Bengali                                           
 11  Brazilian                                         
 12  Bulgarian                                         
 13  Burmese                                           
 14  Canadian                                          
 15  Croatian                                          
 16  Czech                                             
 17  Czech (qwerty)                                    
 18  Danish                                            

Enter a number to choose the country.
Press enter for the next page

1


Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enter
for default variant

us


Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher,