install-post.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<p>Select the desired screen saver using the arrow keys and then press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. The System Console Configuration menu will redisplay.</p>

<p>The default time interval is 300 seconds. To change the time interval, select <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Saver</span> again. At the Screen Saver Options menu, select <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Timeout</span> using the arrow keys and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. A pop-up menu will appear:</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SAVER-TIMEOUT" name="SAVER-TIMEOUT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-40. Screen Saver Timeout</b></p>

<p><img src="install/console-saver3.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The value can be changed, then select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span>
and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the System Console Configuration
menu.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SAVER-EXIT" name="SAVER-EXIT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-41. System Console Configuration Exit</b></p>

<p><img src="install/console-saver4.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Exit</span> and pressing <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will continue with the post-installation configurations.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="TIMEZONE" name="TIMEZONE">2.9.8 Setting the Time Zone</a></h2>

<p>Setting the time zone for your machine will allow it to automatically correct for any
regional time changes and perform other time zone related functions properly.</p>

<p>The example shown is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of the United
States. Your selections will vary according to your geographical location.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                      User Confirmation Requested 
          Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<p>Select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to set the time zone.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time
 or you don't know, please choose NO here! 

                              Yes   [ No ]
</pre>

<p>Select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> or <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;No&nbsp;]</span> according to how the machine's clock is
configured and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SET-TIMEZONE-REGION" name="SET-TIMEZONE-REGION"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-42. Select Your Region</b></p>

<p><img src="install/timezone1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SET-TIMEZONE-COUNTRY" name="SET-TIMEZONE-COUNTRY"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-43. Select Your Country</b></p>

<p><img src="install/timezone2.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SET-TIMEZONE-LOCALITY" name="SET-TIMEZONE-LOCALITY"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-44. Select Your Time Zone</b></p>

<p><img src="install/timezone3.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                            Confirmation 
            Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<p>Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it looks okay, press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue with the post-installation configuration.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="LINUXCOMP" name="LINUXCOMP">2.9.9 Linux Compatibility</a></h2>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                      User Confirmation Requested 
          Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<p>Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> and pressing <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will allow running Linux software on FreeBSD. The install will
add the appropriate packages for Linux compatibility.</p>

<p>If installing by FTP, the machine will need to be connected to the Internet. Sometimes
a remote ftp site will not have all the distributions like the Linux binary
compatibility. This can be installed later if necessary.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="MOUSE" name="MOUSE">2.9.10 Mouse Settings</a></h2>

<p>This option will allow you to cut and paste text in the console and user programs with
a 3-button mouse. If using a 2-button mouse, refer to manual page, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>, after
installation for details on emulating the 3-button style. This example depicts a non-USB
mouse configuration (such as a PS/2 or COM port mouse):</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                      User Confirmation Requested 
         Does this system have a non-USB mouse attached to it?

                            [ Yes ]    No
</pre>

<p>Select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> for a non-USB mouse or <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;No&nbsp;]</span> for a USB mouse and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="MOUSE-PROTOCOL" name="MOUSE-PROTOCOL"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-45. Select Mouse Protocol Type</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Type</span> and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SET-MOUSE-PROTOCOL" name="SET-MOUSE-PROTOCOL"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-46. Set Mouse Protocol</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse2.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The mouse used in this example is a PS/2 type, so the default <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Auto</span> was appropriate. To change protocol, use the arrow keys
to select another option. Ensure that <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span> is
highlighted and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to exit this menu.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="CONFIG-MOUSE-PORT" name="CONFIG-MOUSE-PORT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-47. Configure Mouse Port</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse3.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Port</span> and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SET-MOUSE-PORT" name="SET-MOUSE-PORT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-48. Setting the Mouse Port</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse4.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>This system had a PS/2 mouse, so the default <span class="GUIMENUITEM">PS/2</span> was
appropriate. To change the port, use the arrow keys and then press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="TEST-DAEMON" name="TEST-DAEMON"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-49. Enable the Mouse Daemon</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse5.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Last, use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Enable</span>, and press
<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to enable and test the mouse daemon.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="TEST-MOUSE-DAEMON" name="TEST-MOUSE-DAEMON"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-50. Test the Mouse Daemon</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mouse6.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Move the mouse around the screen and verify the cursor shown responds properly. If it
does, select <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</span> and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. If not, the mouse has not been configured correctly -- select
<span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;No&nbsp;]</span> and try using different configuration
options.</p>

<p>Select <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Exit</span> with the arrow keys and press <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to continue with the post-installation
configuration.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="NETWORK-SERVICES" name="NETWORK-SERVICES">2.9.11 Configure
Additional Network Services</a></h2>

<p>Configuring network services can be a daunting task for new users if they lack
previous knowledge in this area. Networking, including the Internet, is critical to all
modern operating systems including FreeBSD; as a result, it is very useful to have some
understanding FreeBSD's extensive networking capabilities. Doing this during the
installation will ensure users have some understanding of the various services available
to them.</p>

<p>Network services are programs that accept input from anywhere on the network. Every
effort is made to make sure these programs will not do anything ``harmful''.
Unfortunately, programmers are not perfect and through time there have been cases where
bugs in network services have been exploited by attackers to do bad things. It is
important that you only enable the network services you know that you need. If in doubt
it is best if you do not enable a network service until you find out that you do need it.
You can always enable it later by re-running <b class="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b> or by
using the features provided by the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> file.</p>

<p>Selecting the <span class="GUIMENU">Networking</span> option will display a menu
similar to the one below:</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION" name="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-51. Network Configuration Upper-level</b></p>

<p><img src="install/net-config-menu1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The first option, <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Interfaces</span>, was previously covered
during the <a href="install-post.html#INST-NETWORK-DEV">Section 2.9.1</a>, thus this
option can safely be ignored.</p>

<p>Selecting the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">AMD</span> option adds support for the
<acronym class="ACRONYM">BSD</acronym> automatic mount utility. This is usually used in
conjunction with the <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> protocol (see below) for
automatically mounting remote file systems. No special configuration is required
here.</p>

<p>Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">AMD Flags</span> option. When selected,
a menu will pop up for you to enter specific <acronym class="ACRONYM">AMD</acronym>
flags. The menu already contains a set of default options:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map
</pre>

<p>The <var class="OPTION">-a</var> option sets the default mount location which is
specified here as <tt class="FILENAME">/.amd_mnt</tt>. The <var class="OPTION">-l</var>
option specifies the default <tt class="FILENAME">log</tt> file; however, when <var
class="LITERAL">syslogd</var> is used all log activity will be sent to the system log
daemon. The <tt class="FILENAME">/host</tt> directory is used to mount an exported file
system from a remote host, while <tt class="FILENAME">/net</tt> directory is used to
mount an exported file system from an <acronym class="ACRONYM">IP</acronym> address. The
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/amd.map</tt> file defines the default options for <acronym
class="ACRONYM">AMD</acronym> exports.</p>

<p>The <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Anon FTP</span> option permits anonymous <acronym
class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym> connections. Select this option to make this machine an
anonymous <acronym class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym> server. Be aware of the security risks
involved with this option. Another menu will be displayed to explain the security risks
and configuration in depth.</p>

<p>The <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Gateway</span> configuration menu will set the machine
up to be a gateway as explained previously. This can be used to unset the <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Gateway</span> option if you accidentally selected it during the
installation process.</p>

<p>The <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Inetd</span> option can be used to configure or
completely disable the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> daemon as
discussed above.</p>

<p>The <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Mail</span> option is used to configure the system's
default <acronym class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym> or Mail Transfer Agent. Selecting this
option will bring up the following menu:</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="MTA-SELECTION" name="MTA-SELECTION"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-52. Select a default MTA</b></p>

<p><img src="install/mta-main.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Here you are offered a choice as to which <acronym class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym> to
install and set as the default. An <acronym class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym> is nothing more
than a mail server which delivers email to users on the system or the Internet.</p>

<p>Selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Sendmail</span> will install the popular <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> server which is the FreeBSD default. The <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Sendmail local</span> option will set <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> to be the default <acronym
class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym>, but disable its ability to receive incoming email from the
Internet. The other options here, <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Postfix</span> and <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">Exim</span> act similar to <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Sendmail</span>.
They both deliver email; however, some users prefer these alternatives to the <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> <acronym class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym>.</p>

<p>After selecting an <acronym class="ACRONYM">MTA</acronym>, or choosing not to select
an MTA, the network configuration menu will appear with the next option being <span
class="GUIMENUITEM">NFS client</span>.</p>

<p>The <span class="GUIMENUITEM">NFS client</span> option will configure the system to
communicate with a server via <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym>. An <acronym
class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> server makes file systems available to other machines on
the network via the <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> protocol. If this is a stand
alone machine, this option can remain unselected. The system may require more
configuration later; see <a href="network-nfs.html">Section 23.3</a> for more information
about client and server configuration.</p>

<p>Below that option is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">NFS server</span> option,
permitting you to set the system up as an <acronym class="ACRONYM">NFS</acronym> server.
This adds the required information to start up the <acronym class="ACRONYM">RPC</acronym>
remote procedure call services. <acronym class="ACRONYM">RPC</acronym> is used to
coordinate connections between hosts and programs.</p>

<p>Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Ntpdate</span> option, which deals with