install-steps.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<th>Filesystem</th>
<th>Size</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><var class="LITERAL">b</var></td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>See description</td>
<td>As already discussed, you can split swap space across each disk. Even though the <var
class="LITERAL">a</var> partition is free, convention dictates that swap space stays on
the <var class="LITERAL">b</var> partition.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><var class="LITERAL">e</var></td>
<td>/disk<var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></td>
<td>Rest of disk</td>
<td>The rest of the disk is taken up with one big partition. This could easily be put on
the <var class="LITERAL">a</var> partition, instead of the <var class="LITERAL">e</var>
partition. However, convention says that the <var class="LITERAL">a</var> partition on a
slice is reserved for the filesystem that will be the root (<tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>)
filesystem. You do not have to follow this convention, but <b
class="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b> does, so following it yourself makes the installation
slightly cleaner. You can choose to mount this filesystem anywhere; this example suggests
that you mount them as directories <tt class="FILENAME">/disk<var
class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></tt>, where <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var> is a number that
changes for each disk. But you can use another scheme if you prefer.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>Having chosen your partition layout you can now create it using <b
class="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b>. You will see this message:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                                 Message
 Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk
 partition(s) just created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk
 space (200MB or more) and don't have any special requirements, simply
 use the (A)uto command to allocate space automatically. If you have
 more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
 (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.  

                                [  OK  ]
                          [ Press enter or space ]
</pre>

<p>Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to start the FreeBSD partition editor, called <b
class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b>.</p>

<p><a href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL">Figure 2-21</a> shows the display when
you first start <b class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b>. The display is divided in to three
sections.</p>

<p>The first few lines show the name of the disk you are currently working on, and the
slice that contains the partitions you are creating (at this point <b
class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b> calls this the <var class="LITERAL">Partition
name</var> rather than slice name). This display also shows the amount of free space
within the slice; that is, space that was set aside in the slice, but that has not yet
been assigned to a partition.</p>

<p>The middle of the display shows the partitions that have been created, the name of the
filesystem that each partition contains, their size, and some options pertaining to the
creation of the filesystem.</p>

<p>The bottom third of the screen shows the keystrokes that are valid in <b
class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-21. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-ed1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p><b class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b> can automatically create partitions for you and
assign them default sizes. Try this now, by Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">A</b>. You will
see a display similar to that shown in <a
href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL2">Figure 2-22</a>. Depending on the size of the
disk you are using, the defaults may or may not be appropriate. This does not matter, as
you do not have to accept the defaults.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Beginning with FreeBSD&nbsp;4.5, the default partitioning assigns the <tt
class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt> directory its own partition instead of being part of the <tt
class="FILENAME">/</tt> partition. This helps avoid filling the <tt
class="FILENAME">/</tt> partition with temporary files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL2" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL2"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-22. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor with Auto Defaults</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-auto.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>If you choose to not use the default partitions and wish to replace them with your
own, use the arrow keys to select the first partition, and press <b class="KEYCAP">D</b>
to delete it. Repeat this to delete all the suggested partitions.</p>

<p>To create the first partition (<var class="LITERAL">a</var>, mounted as <tt
class="FILENAME">/</tt> -- root), make sure the proper disk slice at the top of the
screen is selected and press <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>. A dialog box will appear prompting
you for the size of the new partition (as shown in <a
href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD">Figure 2-23</a>). You can enter the size
as the number of disk blocks you want to use, or as a number followed by either <var
class="LITERAL">M</var> for megabytes, <var class="LITERAL">G</var> for gigabytes, or
<var class="LITERAL">C</var> for cylinders.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Beginning with FreeBSD&nbsp;5.X, users can: select <acronym
class="ACRONYM">UFS2</acronym> using the <var class="LITERAL">Custom Newfs</var> (<b
class="KEYCAP">Z</b>) option, create labels with <var class="LITERAL">Auto Defaults</var>
and modify them with the <var class="LITERAL">Custom Newfs</var> option or add <var
class="OPTION">-O 2</var> during the regular creation period. Do not forget to add <var
class="OPTION">-U</var> for SoftUpdates if you use the <var class="LITERAL">Custom
Newfs</var> option!</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-23. Free Space for Root Partition</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-root1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The default size shown will create a partition that takes up the rest of the slice. If
you are using the partition sizes described in the earlier example, then delete the
existing figure using <b class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b>, and then type in <kbd
class="USERINPUT">64M</kbd>, as shown in <a
href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2">Figure 2-24</a>. Then press <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-24. Edit Root Partition Size</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-root2.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Having chosen the partition's size you will then be asked whether this partition will
contain a filesystem or swap space. The dialog box is shown in <a
href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE">Figure 2-25</a>. This first partition
will contain a filesystem, so check that <span class="GUIMENUITEM">FS</span> is selected
and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-25. Choose the Root Partition Type</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-fs.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>Finally, because you are creating a filesystem, you must tell <b
class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b> where the filesystem is to be mounted. The dialog box
is shown in <a href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT">Figure 2-26</a>. The root
filesystem's mount point is <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>, so type <kbd
class="USERINPUT">/</kbd>, and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-26. Choose the Root Mount Point</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-root3.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>The display will then update to show you the newly created partition. You should
repeat this procedure for the other partitions. When you create the swap partition, you
will not be prompted for the filesystem mount point, as swap partitions are never
mounted. When you create the final partition, <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt>, you can
leave the suggested size as is, to use the rest of the slice.</p>

<p>Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar to <a
href="install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL4">Figure 2-27</a>, although your values chosen
may be different. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Q</b> to finish.</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL4" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL4"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-27. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</b></p>

<p><img src="install/disklabel-ed2.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
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<p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p>

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