creating-dvds.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dvd+rw-format <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>You need to perform this operation just once, keep in mind that only virgin DVD+RW
medias need to be formatted. Then you can burn the DVD+RW in the way seen in previous
sections.</p>

<p>If you want to burn new data (burn a totally new file system not append some data)
onto a DVD+RW, you do not need to blank it, you just have to write over the previous
recording (in performing a new initial session), like this:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -Z <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -J -R <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/newdata</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>DVD+RW format offers the possibility to easily append data to a previous recording.
The operation consists in merging a new session to the existing one, it is not
multisession writing, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>
will <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">grow</i></span> the ISO 9660 file system
present on the media.</p>

<p>For example, if we want to append data to our previous DVD+RW, we have to use the
following:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -M <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -J -R <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/nextdata</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>The same <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
 class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> options we
used to burn the initial session should be used during next writes.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> You may want to use the <var class="OPTION">-dvd-compat</var> option if
you want better media compatibility with DVD-ROM drives. In the DVD+RW case, this will
not prevent you from adding data.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>If for any reason you really want to blank the media, do the following:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -Z <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var>=<var class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/zero</var></kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24428" name="AEN24428">16.7.6 Using a DVD-RW</a></h2>

<p>A DVD-RW accepts two disc formats: the incremental sequential one and the restricted
overwrite. By default DVD-RW discs are in sequential format.</p>

<p>A virgin DVD-RW can be directly written without the need of a formatting operation,
however a non-virgin DVD-RW in sequential format needs to be blanked before to be able to
write a new initial session.</p>

<p>To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode, run:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dvd+rw-format -blank=full <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var></kbd>
</pre>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> A full blanking (<var class="OPTION">-blank=full</var>) will take about
one hour on a 1x media. A fast blanking can be performed using the <var
class="OPTION">-blank</var> option if the DVD-RW will be recorded in Disk-At-Once (DAO)
mode. To burn the DVD-RW in DAO mode, use the command:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var>=<var class="REPLACEABLE">imagefile.iso</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>The <var class="OPTION">-use-the-force-luke=dao</var> option should not be required
since <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>
attempts to detect minimally (fast blanked) media and engage DAO write.</p>

<p>In fact one should use restricted overwrite mode with any DVD-RW, this format is more
flexible than the default incremental sequential one.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>To write data on a sequential DVD-RW, use the same instructions as for the other DVD
formats:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -Z <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -J -R <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/data</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>If you want to append some data to your previous recording, you will have to use the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>
<var class="OPTION">-M</var> option. However, if you perform data addition on a DVD-RW in
incremental sequential mode, a new session will be created on the disc and the result
will be a multi-session disc.</p>

<p>A DVD-RW in restricted overwrite format does not need to be blanked before a new
initial session, you just have to overwrite the disc with the <var
class="OPTION">-Z</var> option, this is similar to the DVD+RW case. It is also possible
to grow an existing ISO 9660 file system written on the disc in a same way as for a
DVD+RW with the <var class="OPTION">-M</var> option. The result will be a one-session
DVD.</p>

<p>To put a DVD-RW in the restricted overwrite format, the following command must be
used:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dvd+rw-format <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>To change back to the sequential format use:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dvd+rw-format -blank=full <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var></kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24476" name="AEN24476">16.7.7 Multisession</a></h2>

<p>Very few DVD-ROM drives support multisession DVDs, they will most of time, hopefully,
only read the first session. DVD+R, DVD-R and DVD-RW in sequential format can accept
multiple sessions, the notion of multiple sessions does not exist for the DVD+RW and the
DVD-RW restricted overwrite formats.</p>

<p>Using the following command after an initial (non-closed) session on a DVD+R, DVD-R,
or DVD-RW in sequential format, will add a new session to the disc:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -M <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -J -R <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/nextdata</var></kbd>
</pre>

<p>Using this command line with a DVD+RW or a DVD-RW in restricted overwrite mode, will
append data in merging the new session to the existing one. The result will be a
single-session disc. This is the way used to add data after an initial write on these
medias.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Some space on the media is used between each session for end and start of
sessions. Therefore, one should add sessions with large amount of data to optimize media
space. The number of sessions is limited to 154 for a DVD+R, about 2000 for a DVD-R, and
127 for a DVD+R Double Layer.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24488" name="AEN24488">16.7.8 For More Information</a></h2>

<p>To obtain more information about a DVD, the <tt class="COMMAND">dvd+rw-mediainfo <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var></tt> command can be ran with the disc in the
drive.</p>

<p>More information about the <b class="APPLICATION">dvd+rw-tools</b> can be found in the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>
manual page, on the <a href="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/"
target="_top">dvd+rw-tools web site</a> and in the <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/cdwrite/" target="_top">cdwrite mailing list</a>
archives.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt class="COMMAND">dvd+rw-mediainfo</tt> output of the resulting
recording or the media with issues is mandatory for any problem report. Without this
output, it will be quite impossible to help you.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>

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