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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Creating and Using Optical Media (DVDs)</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Storage" href="disks.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Creating and Using Optical Media (CDs)"href="creating-cds.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Creating and Using Floppy Disks" href="floppies.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="creating-cds.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 16 Storage</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="floppies.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="CREATING-DVDS" name="CREATING-DVDS">16.7 Creating and UsingOptical Media (DVDs)</a></h1><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Contributed by</span> Marc Fonvieille.</i><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">With inputs from</span> Andy Polyakov.</i> <div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24269" name="AEN24269">16.7.1 Introduction</a></h2><p>Compared to the CD, the DVD is the next generation of optical media storagetechnology. The DVD can hold more data than any CD and is nowadays the standard for videopublishing.</p><p>Five physical recordable formats can be defined for what we will call a recordableDVD:</p><ul><li><p>DVD-R: This was the first DVD recordable format available. The DVD-R standard isdefined by the <a href="http://www.dvdforum.com/forum.shtml" target="_top">DVD Forum</a>.This format is write once.</p></li><li><p>DVD-RW: This is the rewriteable version of the DVD-R standard. A DVD-RW can berewritten about 1000 times.</p></li><li><p>DVD-RAM: This is also a rewriteable format supported by the DVD Forum. A DVD-RAM canbe seen as a removable hard drive. However, this media is not compatible with mostDVD-ROM drives and DVD-Video players; only a few DVD writers support the DVD-RAMformat.</p></li><li><p>DVD+RW: This is a rewriteable format defined by the <a href="http://www.dvdrw.com/"target="_top">DVD+RW Alliance</a>. A DVD+RW can be rewritten about 1000 times.</p></li><li><p>DVD+R: This format is the write once variation of the DVD+RW format.</p></li></ul><p>A single layer recordable DVD can hold up to 4,700,000,000 bytes which isactually 4.38 GB or 4485 MB (1 kilobyte is 1024 bytes).</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> A distinction must be made between the physical media and theapplication. For example, a DVD-Video is a specific file layout that can be written onany recordable DVD physical media: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW etc. Before choosing the type ofmedia, you must be sure that both the burner and the DVD-Video player (a standaloneplayer or a DVD-ROM drive on a computer) are compatible with the media underconsideration.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24289" name="AEN24289">16.7.2 Configuration</a></h2><p>The program <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>will be used to perform DVD recording. This command is part of the <bclass="APPLICATION">dvd+rw-tools</b> utilities (<ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/dvd+rw-tools/pkg-descr"><ttclass="FILENAME">sysutils/dvd+rw-tools</tt></a>). The <bclass="APPLICATION">dvd+rw-tools</b> support all DVD media types.</p><p>These tools use the SCSI subsystem to access to the devices, therefore the <ahref="creating-cds.html#ATAPICAM">ATAPI/CAM support</a> must be added to your kernel. Ifyour burner uses the USB interface this addition is useless, and you should read the <ahref="usb-disks.html">Section 16.5</a> for more details on USB devices configuration.</p><p>You also have to enable DMA access for ATAPI devices, this can be done in adding thefollowing line to the <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> file:</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">hw.ata.atapi_dma="1"</pre><p>Before attempting to use the <b class="APPLICATION">dvd+rw-tools</b> you shouldconsult the <a href="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/hcn.html"target="_top">dvd+rw-tools' hardware compatibility notes</a> for any information relatedto your DVD burner.</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> If you want a graphical user interface, you should have a look to <bclass="APPLICATION">K3b</b> (<ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/k3b/pkg-descr"><ttclass="FILENAME">sysutils/k3b</tt></a>) which provides a user friendly interface to <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a> andmany others burning tools.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24314" name="AEN24314">16.7.3 Burning Data DVDs</a></h2><p>The <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>command is a frontend to <a href="creating-cds.html#MKISOFS">mkisofs</a>, it will invoke<ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> to createthe file system layout and will perform the write on the DVD. This means you do not needto create an image of the data before the burning process.</p><p>To burn onto a DVD+R or a DVD-R the data from the <ttclass="FILENAME">/path/to/data</tt> directory, use the following command:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -J -R <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/data</var></kbd></pre><p>The options <var class="OPTION">-J -R</var> are passed to <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> for thefile system creation (in this case: an ISO 9660 file system with Joliet and Rock Ridgeextensions), consult the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> manualpage for more details.</p><p>The option <var class="OPTION">-Z</var> is used for the initial session recording inany case: multiple sessions or not. The DVD device, <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var>, must be changed according to your configuration. The<var class="OPTION">-dvd-compat</var> parameter will close the disk, the recording willbe unappendable. In return this should provide better media compatibility with DVD-ROMdrives.</p><p>It is also possible to burn a pre-mastered image, for example to burn the image <varclass="REPLACEABLE">imagefile.iso</var>, we will run:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var>=<var class="REPLACEABLE">imagefile.iso</var></kbd></pre><p>The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the media andthe drive being used. If you want to force the write speed, use the <varclass="OPTION">-speed=</var> parameter. For more information, read the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>manual page.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24358" name="AEN24358">16.7.4 Burning a DVD-Video</a></h2><p>A DVD-Video is a specific file layout based on ISO 9660 and the micro-UDF (M-UDF)specifications. The DVD-Video also presents a specific data structure hierarchy, it isthe reason why you need a particular program such as <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/multimedia/dvdauthor/pkg-descr"><ttclass="FILENAME">multimedia/dvdauthor</tt></a> to author the DVD.</p><p>If you already have an image of the DVD-Video file system, just burn it in the sameway as for any image, see the previous section for an example. If you have made the DVDauthoring and the result is in, for example, the directory <ttclass="FILENAME">/path/to/video</tt>, the following command should be used to burn theDVD-Video:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">growisofs -Z <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/dev/cd0</var> -dvd-video <varclass="REPLACEABLE">/path/to/video</var></kbd></pre><p>The <var class="OPTION">-dvd-video</var> option will be passed down to <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> and willinstruct it to create a DVD-Video file system layout. Beside this, the <varclass="OPTION">-dvd-video</var> option implies <var class="OPTION">-dvd-compat</var> <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>option.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN24382" name="AEN24382">16.7.5 Using a DVD+RW</a></h2><p>Unlike CD-RW, a virgin DVD+RW needs to be formatted before first use. The <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growisofs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">growisofs</span>(1)</span></a>program will take care of it automatically whenever appropriate, which is the <spanclass="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">recommended</i></span> way. However you can use the<tt class="COMMAND">dvd+rw-format</tt> command to format the DVD+RW:</p>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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