sapr3.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

</tr>

<tr>
<td>1002</td>
<td>oraids/oraprd</td>
<td>ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></td>
<td>dba</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> Administrator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>Adding the users with <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> requires
the following (please note shell and home directory) entries for ``<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> Administrator'':</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
Name: <var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm
Password: ******
Fullname: SAP Administrator <var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>
Uid: 1000
Gid: 101 (sapsys)
Class:
Groups: sapsys dba
HOME: /home/<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)
</pre>

<p>and for ``<span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> Administrator'':</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
Name: ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var> 
Password: ****** 
Fullname: Oracle Administrator <var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>
Uid: 1002 
Gid: 100 (dba) 
Class: 
Groups: dba 
HOME: /oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var> 
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)
</pre>

<p>This should also include group <tt class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt> in case you are using
both groups <tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt> and <tt class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt>.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="CREATINGDIRECTORIES" name="CREATINGDIRECTORIES">10.7.7.3
Creating Directories</a></h3>

<p>These directories are usually created as separate file systems. This depends entirely
on your requirements. We choose to create them as simple directories, as they are all
located on the same RAID 5 anyway:</p>

<p>First we will set owners and rights of some directories (as user <tt
class="USERNAME">root</tt>):</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chmod 775 /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chmod 777 /sapmnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown root:dba /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown <var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm:sapsys /compat/linux/usr/sap</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">chmod 775 /compat/linux/usr/sap</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Second we will create directories as user <tt class="USERNAME">ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></tt>. These will all be subdirectories of <tt
class="FILENAME">/oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></tt>:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mkdir mirrlogA mirrlogB origlogA origlogB</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mkdir sapdata1 sapdata2 sapdata3 sapdata4 sapdata5 sapdata6</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir saparch sapreorg</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">exit</kbd>
</pre>

<p>For the <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.1.7</b>
installation some additional directories are needed:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir 805_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir client stage</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir client/80x_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir stage/817_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir 817_32</kbd>
</pre>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The directory <tt class="FILENAME">client/80x_32</tt> is used with
exactly this name. Do not replace the <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">x</i></span> with some number or anything.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>In the third step we create directories as user <tt class="USERNAME"><var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</tt>:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - <var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/sap</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir <var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir trans</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">exit</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="ENTRIESINSLASHETCSLASHSERVICES"
name="ENTRIESINSLASHETCSLASHSERVICES">10.7.7.4 Entries in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/services</tt></a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> requires some entries in file <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/services</tt>, which will not be set correctly during installation
under FreeBSD. Please add the following entries (you need at least those entries
corresponding to the instance number -- in this case, <var class="LITERAL">00</var>. It
will do no harm adding all entries from <var class="LITERAL">00</var> to <var
class="LITERAL">99</var> for <var class="LITERAL">dp</var>, <var
class="LITERAL">gw</var>, <var class="LITERAL">sp</var> and <var
class="LITERAL">ms</var>). If you are going to use a <b class="APPLICATION">SAProuter</b>
or need to access <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> OSS, you
also need <var class="LITERAL">99</var>, as port 3299 is usually used for the <b
class="APPLICATION">SAProuter</b> process on the target system:</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
sapdp00    3200/tcp # SAP Dispatcher.      3200 + Instance-Number
sapgw00  3300/tcp # SAP Gateway.         3300 + Instance-Number
sapsp00  3400/tcp #                      3400 + Instance-Number
sapms00  3500/tcp #                      3500 + Instance-Number
sapms<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var> 3600/tcp # SAP Message Server.  3600 + Instance-Number
sapgw00s   4800/tcp # SAP Secure Gateway   4800 + Instance-Number
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NECESSARYLOCALES" name="NECESSARYLOCALES">10.7.7.5 Necessary
Locales</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> requires at least two
locales that are not part of the default RedHat installation. <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> offers the required RPMs as download from their FTP server
(which is only accessible if you are a customer with OSS access). See note 0171356 for a
list of RPMs you need.</p>

<p>It is also possible to just create appropriate links (for example from <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">de_DE</i></span> and <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">en_US</i></span> ), but we would not recommend this for a production
system (so far it worked with the IDES system without any problems, though). The
following locales are needed:</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
de_DE.ISO-8859-1
en_US.ISO-8859-1
</pre>

<p>Create the links like this:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /compat/linux/usr/share/locale</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ln -s de_DE de_DE.ISO-8859-1</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ln -s en_US en_US.ISO-8859-1</kbd>
</pre>

<p>If they are not present, there will be some problems during the installation. If these
are then subsequently ignored (by setting the <var class="LITERAL">STATUS</var> of the
offending steps to <var class="LITERAL">OK</var> in file <tt
class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt>), it will be impossible to log onto the <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> system without some additional
effort.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="KERNELTUNING" name="KERNELTUNING">10.7.7.6 Kernel
Tuning</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> systems need a lot of resources. We therefore added the
following parameters to the kernel configuration file:</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
# Set these for memory pigs (SAP and Oracle):
options MAXDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
options DFLDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
# System V options needed.
options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
options SHMMAXPGS=262144 #max amount of shared mem. pages
#options SHMMAXPGS=393216 #use this for the 46C inst.parameters
options SHMMNI=256 #max number of shared memory ident if.
options SHMSEG=100 #max shared mem.segs per process
options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues 
options MSGSEG=32767 #max num. of mes.segments in system 
options MSGSSZ=32 #size of msg-seg. MUST be power of 2
options MSGMNB=65535 #max char. per message queue
options MSGTQL=2046 #max amount of msgs in system
options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores 
options SEMMNU=256 #number of semaphore UNDO structures
options SEMMNS=1024 #number of semaphores in system
options SEMMNI=520 #number of semaphore identifiers
options SEMUME=100       #number of UNDO keys
</pre>

<p>The minimum values are specified in the documentation that comes from <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>. As there is no description for Linux, see the HP-UX section
(32-bit) for further information. As the system for the 4.6C SR2 installation has more
main memory, the shared segments can be larger both for <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> and <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>, therefore choose a larger number of shared memory
pages.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> With the default installation of FreeBSD&nbsp;4.5 on <span
class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;, leave <var class="LITERAL">MAXDSIZ</var> and <var
class="LITERAL">DFLDSIZ</var> at 1&nbsp;GB maximum. Otherwise, strange errors like ``<tt
class="ERRORNAME">ORA-27102: out of memory</tt>'' and ``<tt class="ERRORNAME">Linux
Error: 12: Cannot allocate memory</tt>'' might happen.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLINGSAPR3" name="INSTALLINGSAPR3">10.7.8 Installing <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PREPARINGSAPCDROMS" name="PREPARINGSAPCDROMS">10.7.8.1 Preparing
<span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> CDROMs</a></h3>

<p>There are many CDROMs to mount and unmount during the installation. Assuming you have
enough CDROM drives, you can just mount them all. We decided to copy the CDROMs contents
to corresponding directories:</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
/oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var>
</pre>

<p>where <var class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var> was one of <tt
class="FILENAME">KERNEL</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">RDBMS</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT1</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT2</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT3</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT4</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT5</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT6</tt> for the 4.6B/IDES
installation, and <tt class="FILENAME">KERNEL</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">RDBMS</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">DISK1</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">DISK2</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">DISK3</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">DISK4</tt> and <tt
class="FILENAME">LANG</tt> for the 4.6C SR2 installation. All the filenames on the
mounted CDs should be in capital letters, otherwise use the <var class="OPTION">-g</var>
option for mounting. So use the following commands:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount_cd9660 -g /dev/cd0a /mnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp -R /mnt/* /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/<var class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /mnt</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="RUNNINGTHEINSTALL-SCRIPT"
name="RUNNINGTHEINSTALL-SCRIPT">10.7.8.2 Running the Installation Script</a></h3>

<p>First you have to prepare an <tt class="FILENAME">install</tt> directory:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir install</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd install</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Then the installation script is started, which will copy nearly all the relevant files
into the <tt class="FILENAME">install</tt> directory:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/KERNEL/UNIX/INSTTOOL.SH</kbd>
</pre>

<p>The IDES installation (4.6B) comes with a fully customized <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> demonstration
system, so there are six instead of just three EXPORT CDs. At this point the installation
template <tt class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt> is for installing a standard central
instance (<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> and database),
not the IDES central instance, so one needs to copy the corresponding <tt
class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt> from the <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT1</tt> directory,
otherwise <tt class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt> will only ask for three EXPORT CDs.</p>

<p>The newer <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> 4.6C SR2</b>
release comes with four EXPORT CDs. The parameter file that controls the installation
steps is <tt class="FILENAME">CENTRAL.R3S</tt>. Contrary to earlier releases there are no
separate installation templates for a central instance with or without database. <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> is using a separate template
for database installation. To restart the installation later it is however sufficient to
restart with the original file.</p>

<p>During and after installation, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> requires <tt class="COMMAND">hostname</tt> to return the
computer name only, not the fully qualified domain name. So either set the hostname
accordingly, or set an alias with <tt class="COMMAND">alias hostname='hostname -s'</tt>
for both <tt class="USERNAME">ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></tt> and <tt
class="USERNAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</tt> (and for <tt
class="USERNAME">root</tt> at least during installation steps performed as <tt
class="USERNAME">root</tt>). It is also possible to adjust the installed <tt
class="FILENAME">.profile</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">.login</tt> files of both users
that are installed during <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>
installation.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="STARTR3SETUP-46B" name="STARTR3SETUP-46B">10.7.8.3 Start <tt
class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt> 4.6B</a></h3>

<p>Make sure <tt class="ENVAR">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</tt> is set correctly:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Start <tt class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt> as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> from
installation directory:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S</kbd>
</pre>

<p>The script then asks some questions (defaults in brackets, followed by actual
input):</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN14614" name="AEN14614"></a>
<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Question</th>
<th>Default</th>
<th>Input</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Enter SAP System ID</td>
<td>[C11]</td>
<td>IDS<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter SAP Instance Number</td>
<td>[00]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter SAPMOUNT Directory</td>
<td>[/sapmnt]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter name of SAP central host</td>
<td>[troubadix.domain.de]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter name of SAP db host</td>
<td>[troubadix]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Select character set</td>
<td>[1] (WE8DEC)</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>