sapr3.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<td>Memory</td>
<td>1GB ECC</td>
<td>2GB ECC</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Hard Disk Space</td>
<td>50-60GB (IDES)</td>
<td>50-60GB (IDES)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>For use in production, <span class="TRADEMARK">Xeon</span>&#8482; Processors with
large cache, high-speed disk access (SCSI, RAID hardware controller), USV and ECC-RAM is
recommended. The large amount of hard disk space is due to the preconfigured IDES System,
which creates 27&nbsp;GB of database files during installation. This space is also
sufficient for initial production systems and application data.</p>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="HARDWARE-46B" name="HARDWARE-46B">10.7.4.1 <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6B, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.0.5</a></h3>

<p>The following off-the-shelf hardware was used: a dual processor board with 2
800&nbsp;MHz <span class="TRADEMARK">Pentium</span>&nbsp;III processors, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Adaptec</span>&reg; 29160 Ultra160 SCSI adapter (for accessing a
40/80&nbsp;GB DLT tape drive and CDROM), <span class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span>&reg; <span
class="TRADEMARK">AcceleRAID</span>&#8482; (2 channels, firmware 6.00-1-00 with
32&nbsp;MB RAM). To the <span class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span> RAID controller are attached
two 17&nbsp;GB hard disks (mirrored) and four 36&nbsp;GB hard disks (RAID level 5).</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="HARDWARE-46C" name="HARDWARE-46C">10.7.4.2 <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.1.7</a></h3>

<p>For this installation a <span class="TRADEMARK">Dell</span>&#8482; <span
class="TRADEMARK">PowerEdge</span>&#8482; 2500 was used: a dual processor board with two
1000&nbsp;MHz <span class="TRADEMARK">Pentium</span>&nbsp;III processors (256&nbsp;kB
Cache), 2&nbsp;GB PC133 ECC SDRAM, PERC/3 DC PCI RAID Controller with 128&nbsp;MB, and an
EIDE DVD-ROM drive. To the RAID controller are attached two 18&nbsp;GB hard disks
(mirrored) and four 36&nbsp;GB hard disks (RAID level 5).</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLATION" name="INSTALLATION">10.7.5 Installation of
FreeBSD</a></h2>

<p>First you have to install FreeBSD. There are several ways to do this (FreeBSD&nbsp;4.3
was installed via FTP, FreeBSD&nbsp;4.5 directly from the RELEASE CD) for more
informations read the <a href="install-diff-media.html">Section 2.13</a>.</p>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="DISK-LAYOUT" name="DISK-LAYOUT">10.7.5.1 Disk Layout</a></h3>

<p>To keep it simple, the same disk layout both for the <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46B</b> and <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46C SR2</b> installation was used. Only the device names
changed, as the installations were on different hardware (<tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/da</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/amr</tt> respectively, so if
using an AMI <span class="TRADEMARK">MegaRAID</span>&reg;, one will see <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/amr0s1a</tt> instead of <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s1a</tt>):</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN14082" name="AEN14082"></a>
<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>File system</th>
<th>Size (1k-blocks)</th>
<th>Size (GB)</th>
<th>Mounted on</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s1a</tt></td>
<td>1.016.303</td>
<td>1</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s1b</tt></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>swap</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s1e</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/var</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s1f</tt></td>
<td>8.205.339</td>
<td>8</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da1s1e</tt></td>
<td>45.734.361</td>
<td>45</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/oracle</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da1s1f</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/sapmnt</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da1s1g</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/usr/sap</tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>Configure and initialize the two logical drives with the <span
class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span> or PERC/3 RAID software beforehand. The software can be
started during the <acronym class="ACRONYM">BIOS</acronym> boot phase.</p>

<p>Please note that this disk layout differs slightly from the <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> recommendations, as <span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>
suggests mounting the <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>
subdirectories (and some others) separately -- we decided to just create them as real
subdirectories for simplicity.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="MAKEWORLDANDNEWKERNEL" name="MAKEWORLDANDNEWKERNEL">10.7.5.2 <tt
class="COMMAND">make world</tt> and a New Kernel</a></h3>

<p>Download the latest -STABLE sources. Rebuild world and your custom kernel after
configuring your kernel configuration file. Here you should also include the <a
href="sapr3.html#KERNELTUNING">kernel parameters</a> which are required for both <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> and <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>.</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLINGTHELINUXENVIORNMENT"
name="INSTALLINGTHELINUXENVIORNMENT">10.7.6 Installing the Linux Environment</a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGLINUXBASE-SYSTEM"
name="INSTALLINGLINUXBASE-SYSTEM">10.7.6.1 Installing the Linux Base System</a></h3>

<p>First the <a href="linuxemu-lbc-install.html#LINUXEMU-LIBS-PORT">linux_base</a> port
needs to be installed (as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>):</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install distclean</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGLINUXDEVELOPMENT"
name="INSTALLINGLINUXDEVELOPMENT">10.7.6.2 Installing Linux Development
Environment</a></h3>

<p>The Linux development environment is needed, if you want to install <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> on FreeBSD according to the
<a href="linuxemu-oracle.html">Section 10.6</a>:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/devel/linux_devtools</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install distclean</kbd>
</pre>

<p>The Linux development environment has only been installed for the <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46B IDES</b> installation. It is not needed, if the <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> DB</b> is not relinked on the
FreeBSD system. This is the case if you are using the <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> tarball from a Linux system.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGNECESSARYRPMS" name="INSTALLINGNECESSARYRPMS">10.7.6.3
Installing the Necessary RPMs</a></h3>

<p>To start the <tt class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt> program, PAM support is needed. During
the first <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> Installation on
FreeBSD 4.3-STABLE we tried to install PAM with all the required packages and finally
forced the installation of the PAM package, which worked. For <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C SR2</b> we directly forced the installation of the PAM
RPM, which also works, so it seems the dependent packages are not needed:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rpm -i --ignoreos --nodeps --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm \
pam-0.68-7.i386.rpm</kbd>
</pre>

<p>For <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.0.5</b> to run the
intelligent agent, we also had to install the RedHat Tcl package <tt
class="FILENAME">tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm</tt> (otherwise the relinking during <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> installation will not
work). There are some other issues regarding relinking of <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>, but that is a <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> Linux issue, not FreeBSD specific.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="LINUXPROCANDFALLBACKELFBRAND"
name="LINUXPROCANDFALLBACKELFBRAND">10.7.6.4 Some Additional Hints</a></h3>

<p>It might also be a good idea to add <var class="LITERAL">linprocfs</var> to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>, for more informations, see the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> manual
page. Another parameter to set is <var class="LITERAL">kern.fallback_elf_brand=3</var>
which is done in the file <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/sysctl.conf</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="CREATINGSAPR3ENV" name="CREATINGSAPR3ENV">10.7.7 Creating the
<span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span>
Environment</a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FILESYSTEMSANDMOUNTPOINTS"
name="FILESYSTEMSANDMOUNTPOINTS">10.7.7.1 Creating the Necessary File Systems and
Mountpoints</a></h3>

<p>For a simple installation, it is sufficient to create the following file systems:</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN14229" name="AEN14229"></a>
<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>mount point</th>
<th>size in GB</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/oracle</tt></td>
<td>45 GB</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/sapmnt</tt></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/usr/sap</tt></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>It is also necessary to created some links. Otherwise the <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> Installer will complain, as it is checking the created
links:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/oracle /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/sapmnt /sapmnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/usr/sap /usr/sap</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Possible error message during installation (here with System <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">PRD</i></span> and the <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C SR2</b>
installation):</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
INFO 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:200
    Checking existence of symbolic link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg to
    /sapmnt/PRD/exe. Creating if it does not exist...

WARNING 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:400
    Link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg exists but it points to file
    /compat/linux/sapmnt/PRD/exe instead of /sapmnt/PRD/exe. The
    program cannot go on as long as this link exists at this
    location. Move the link to another location.

ERROR 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND Ins_SetupLinks:0
    can not setup link '/usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg' with content
    '/sapmnt/PRD/exe'
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="CREATINGUSERSANDDIRECTORIES"
name="CREATINGUSERSANDDIRECTORIES">10.7.7.2 Creating Users and Directories</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> needs two users and three groups. The user names depend
on the <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> system ID (SID)
which consists of three letters. Some of these SIDs are reserved by <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> (for example <var
class="LITERAL">SAP</var> and <var class="LITERAL">NIX</var>. For a complete list please
see the <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> documentation). For
the IDES installation we used <var class="LITERAL">IDS</var>, for the 4.6C SR2
installation <var class="LITERAL">PRD</var>, as that system is intended for production
use. We have therefore the following groups (group IDs might differ, these are just the
values we used with our installation):</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN14280" name="AEN14280"></a>
<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>group ID</th>
<th>group name</th>
<th>description</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>100</td>
<td>dba</td>
<td>Data Base Administrator</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>101</td>
<td>sapsys</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> System</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>102</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td>Data Base Operator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>For a default <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>
installation, only group <tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt> is used. As <tt
class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt> group, one also uses group <tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt>
(see <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> and <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b> documentation for further
information).</p>

<p>We also need the following users:</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN14312" name="AEN14312"></a>
<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>user ID</th>
<th>user name</th>
<th>generic name</th>
<th>group</th>
<th>additional groups</th>
<th>description</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1000</td>
<td>idsadm/prdadm</td>
<td><var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</td>
<td>sapsys</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> Administrator</td>