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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Troubleshooting</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Supported Hardware" href="install-supported-hardware.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Advanced Installation Guide" href="install-advanced.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install-supported-hardware.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="install-advanced.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL-TROUBLE" name="INSTALL-TROUBLE">2.11Troubleshooting</a></h1><p>The following section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as commonproblems people have reported. There are also a few questions and answers for peoplewishing to dual-boot FreeBSD with <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>®.</p><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3125" name="AEN3125">2.11.1 What to Do If Something GoesWrong</a></h2><p>Due to various limitations of the PC architecture, it is impossible for probing to be100% reliable, however, there are a few things you can do if it fails.</p><p>Check the Hardware Notes document for your version of FreeBSD to make sure yourhardware is supported.</p><p>If your hardware is supported and you still experience lock-ups or other problems,reset your computer, and when the visual kernel configuration option is given, choose it.This will allow you to go through your hardware and supply information to the systemabout it. The kernel on the boot disks is configured assuming that most hardware devicesare in their factory default configuration in terms of IRQs, IO addresses, and DMAchannels. If your hardware has been reconfigured, you will most likely need to use theconfiguration editor to tell FreeBSD where to find things.</p><p>It is also possible that a probe for a device not present will cause a later probe foranother device that is present to fail. In that case, the probes for the conflictingdriver(s) should be disabled.</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating thefirmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. The motherboardfirmware may also be referred to as <acronym class="ACRONYM">BIOS</acronym> and most ofthe motherboard or computer manufactures have a website where the upgrades and upgradeinformation may be located.</p><p>Most manufacturers strongly advise against upgrading the motherboard <acronymclass="ACRONYM">BIOS</acronym> unless there is a good reason for doing so, which couldpossibly be a critical update of sorts. The upgrade process <span class="emphasis"><iclass="EMPHASIS">can</i></span> go wrong, causing permanent damage to the <acronymclass="ACRONYM">BIOS</acronym> chip.</p></blockquote></div><div class="WARNING"><blockquote class="WARNING"><p><b>Warning:</b> Do not disable any drivers you will need during the installation, suchas your screen (<tt class="DEVICENAME">sc0</tt>). If the installation wedges or failsmysteriously after leaving the configuration editor, you have probably removed or changedsomething you should not have. Reboot and try again.</p></blockquote></div><p>In configuration mode, you can:</p><ul><li><p>List the device drivers installed in the kernel.</p></li><li><p>Disable device drivers for hardware that is not present in your system.</p></li><li><p>Change IRQs, DRQs, and IO port addresses used by a device driver.</p></li></ul><p>After adjusting the kernel to match your hardware configuration, type <ttclass="COMMAND">Q</tt> to boot with the new settings. Once the installation hascompleted, any changes you made in the configuration mode will be permanent so you do nothave to reconfigure every time you boot. It is still highly likely that you willeventually want to build a <a href="kernelconfig.html">custom kernel</a>.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3152" name="AEN3152">2.11.2 Dealing with Existing <spanclass="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>® Partitions</a></h2><p>Many users wish to install FreeBSD on <acronym class="ACRONYM">PC</acronym>s inhabitedby <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® based operating systems. For thoseinstances, FreeBSD has a utility known as <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>. This utilitycan be found in the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory on the install CD-ROM, ordownloaded from one of various <a href="mirrors.html">FreeBSD mirrors</a>.</p><p>The <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> utility allows you to split an existing <spanclass="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> partition into two pieces, preserving the originalpartition and allowing you to install onto the second free piece. You first need todefragment your <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> partition using the <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®; <b class="APPLICATION">Disk Defragmenter</b>utility (go into Explorer, right-click on the hard drive, and choose to defrag your harddrive), or use <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk Tools</b>. Now you can run the <bclass="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> utility. It will prompt you for the rest of the information,just follow the on screen instructions. Afterwards, you can reboot and install FreeBSD onthe new free slice. See the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Distributions</span> menu for anestimate of how much free space you will need for the kind of installation you want.</p><p>There is also a very useful product from PowerQuest (<ahref="http://www.powerquest.com/" target="_top">http://www.powerquest.com</a>) called <bclass="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span>®</b>. Thisapplication has far more functionality than <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, and ishighly recommended if you plan to add/remove operating systems often. It does cost money,so if you plan to install FreeBSD and keep it installed, <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>will probably be fine for you.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3178" name="AEN3178">2.11.3 Using <spanclass="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> and <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>® FileSystems</a></h2><p>At this time, FreeBSD does not support file systems compressed with the <bclass="APPLICATION">Double Space™</b> application. Therefore the file system willneed to be uncompressed before FreeBSD can access the data. This can be done by runningthe <b class="APPLICATION">Compression Agent</b> located in the <spanclass="GUIMENUITEM">Start</span>> <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Programs</span> > <spanclass="GUIMENUITEM">System Tools</span> menu.</p><p>FreeBSD can support <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> based file systems. Thisrequires you use the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_msdos&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_msdos</span>(8)</span></a> command(in FreeBSD 5.X, the command is <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_msdosfs&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_msdosfs</span>(8)</span></a>) withthe required parameters. The utilities most common usage is:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount_msdos /dev/ad0s1 /mnt</kbd></pre><p>In this example, the <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> file system is located onthe first partition of the primary hard disk. Your situation may be different, check theoutput from the <tt class="COMMAND">dmesg</tt>, and <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt>commands. They should produce enough information too give an idea of the partitionlayout.</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> Extended <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> file systems are usuallymapped after the FreeBSD partitions. In other words, the slice number may be higher thanthe ones FreeBSD is using. For instance, the first <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>partition may be <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1</tt>, the FreeBSD partition may be <ttclass="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s2</tt>, with the extended <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>partition being located on <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s3</tt>. To some, this can beconfusing at first.</p></blockquote></div><p>NTFS partitions can also be mounted in a similar manner using the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_ntfs&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_ntfs</span>(8)</span></a>command.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3215" name="AEN3215">2.11.4 Alpha User's Questions andAnswers</a></h2><p>This section answers some commonly asked questions about installing FreeBSD on Alphasystems.</p><div class="QANDASET"><dl><dt>2.11.4.1. <a href="install-trouble.html#Q2.11.4.1.">Can I boot from the ARC or AlphaBIOS Console?</a></dt><dt>2.11.4.2. <a href="install-trouble.html#Q2.11.4.2.">Help, I have no space! Do I needto delete everything first?</a></dt><dt>2.11.4.3. <a href="install-trouble.html#Q2.11.4.3.">Can I mount my Compaq Tru64 orVMS filesystems?</a></dt></dl><div class="QANDAENTRY"><div class="QUESTION"><p><a id="Q2.11.4.1." name="Q2.11.4.1."></a><b>2.11.4.1.</b> Can I boot from the ARC orAlpha BIOS Console?</p></div><div class="ANSWER"><p><b></b>No. FreeBSD, like Compaq Tru64 and VMS, will only boot from the SRMconsole.</p></div></div><div class="QANDAENTRY"><div class="QUESTION"><p><a id="Q2.11.4.2." name="Q2.11.4.2."></a><b>2.11.4.2.</b> Help, I have no space! Do Ineed to delete everything first?</p></div><div class="ANSWER"><p><b></b>Unfortunately, yes.</p></div></div><div class="QANDAENTRY"><div class="QUESTION"><p><a id="Q2.11.4.3." name="Q2.11.4.3."></a><b>2.11.4.3.</b> Can I mount my Compaq Tru64or VMS filesystems?</p></div><div class="ANSWER"><p><b></b>No, not at this time.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="install-supported-hardware.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="install-advanced.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Supported Hardware</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="install.html"accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Advanced Installation Guide</td></tr></table></div><p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <ahref="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p><p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting <<ahref="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.<br />For questions about this documentation, e-mail <<ahref="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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