printing-using.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

</dd>

<dt>lprm</dt>

<dd>
<p>With no job number, user name, or <var class="OPTION">-</var> appearing on the command
line, <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lprm&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lprm</span>(1)</span></a> removes the
currently active job on the default printer, if it belongs to you. The superuser can
remove any active job.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p>Just use the <var class="OPTION">-P</var> option with the above shortcuts to operate
on a specific printer instead of the default. For example, the following command removes
all jobs for the current user in the queue for the printer named <var
class="LITERAL">rattan</var>:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lprm -P rattan -</kbd>
</pre>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> If you are working in a networked environment, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lprm&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lprm</span>(1)</span></a> will let you
remove jobs only from the host from which the jobs were submitted, even if the same
printer is available from other hosts. The following command sequence demonstrates
this:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lpr -P rattan myfile</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rlogin orchid</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lpq -P rattan</kbd>
Rank   Owner      Job  Files                          Total Size
active seeyan     12    ...                           49123 bytes
2nd    kelly      13   myfile                         12 bytes
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lprm -P rattan 13</kbd>
rose: Permission denied
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">logout</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lprm -P rattan 13</kbd>
dfA013rose dequeued
cfA013rose dequeued
   
</pre>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS" name="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS">9.5.4 Beyond
Plain Text: Printing Options</a></h2>

<p>The <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a> command
supports a number of options that control formatting text, converting graphic and other
file formats, producing multiple copies, handling of the job, and more. This section
describes the options.</p>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-FORMAT"
name="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-FORMAT">9.5.4.1 Formatting and Conversion Options</a></h3>

<p>The following <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a> options control
formatting of the files in the job. Use these options if the job does not contain plain
text or if you want plain text formatted through the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span></a> utility.</p>

<p>For example, the following command prints a DVI file (from the <b
class="APPLICATION">TeX</b> typesetting system) named <tt
class="FILENAME">fish-report.dvi</tt> to the printer named <var
class="LITERAL">bamboo</var>:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi</kbd>
</pre>

<p>These options apply to every file in the job, so you cannot mix (say) DVI and ditroff
files together in a job. Instead, submit the files as separate jobs, using a different
conversion option for each job.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> All of these options except <var class="OPTION">-p</var> and <var
class="OPTION">-T</var> require conversion filters installed for the destination printer.
For example, the <var class="OPTION">-d</var> option requires the DVI conversion filter.
Section <a href="printing-advanced.html#PRINTING-ADVANCED-CONVFILTERS">Conversion
Filters</a> gives details.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt><var class="OPTION">-c</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print cifplot files.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-d</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print DVI files.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-f</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print FORTRAN text files.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-g</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print plot data.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-i <var class="REPLACEABLE">number</var></var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Indent the output by <var class="REPLACEABLE">number</var> columns; if you omit <var
class="REPLACEABLE">number</var>, indent by 8 columns. This option works only with
certain conversion filters.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Do not put any space between the <var class="OPTION">-i</var> and the
number.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-l</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print literal text data, including control characters.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-n</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print ditroff (device independent troff) data.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-p</dt>

<dd>
<p>Format plain text with <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span></a> before printing.
See <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span></a> for more
information.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-T <var class="REPLACEABLE">title</var></var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Use <var class="REPLACEABLE">title</var> on the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span></a> header instead
of the file name. This option has effect only when used with the <var
class="OPTION">-p</var> option.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-t</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print troff data.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-v</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print raster data.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p>Here is an example: this command prints a nicely formatted version of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> manual page on
the default printer:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t</kbd>
</pre>

<p>The <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zcat&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">zcat</span>(1)</span></a> command
uncompresses the source of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> manual page and
passes it to the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=troff&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">troff</span>(1)</span></a> command,
which formats that source and makes GNU troff output and passes it to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, which submits
the job to the <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> spooler. Because we used the <var
class="OPTION">-t</var> option to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, the spooler
will convert the GNU troff output into a format the default printer can understand when
it prints the job.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-JOB-HANDLING"
name="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-JOB-HANDLING">9.5.4.2 Job Handling Options</a></h3>

<p>The following options to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a> tell <b
class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> to handle the job specially:</p>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt>-# <var class="REPLACEABLE">copies</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Produce a number of <var class="REPLACEABLE">copies</var> of each file in the job
instead of just one copy. An administrator may disable this option to reduce printer
wear-and-tear and encourage photocopier usage. See section <a
href="printing-advanced.html#PRINTING-ADVANCED-RESTRICTING-COPIES">Restricting Multiple
Copies</a>.</p>

<p>This example prints three copies of <tt class="FILENAME">parser.c</tt> followed by
three copies of <tt class="FILENAME">parser.h</tt> to the default printer:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h</kbd>
</pre>
</dd>

<dt>-m</dt>

<dd>
<p>Send mail after completing the print job. With this option, the <b
class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> system will send mail to your account when it finishes
handling your job. In its message, it will tell you if the job completed successfully or
if there was an error, and (often) what the error was.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-s</dt>

<dd>
<p>Do not copy the files to the spooling directory, but make symbolic links to them
instead.</p>

<p>If you are printing a large job, you probably want to use this option. It saves space
in the spooling directory (your job might overflow the free space on the filesystem where
the spooling directory resides). It saves time as well since <b
class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> will not have to copy each and every byte of your job to the
spooling directory.</p>

<p>There is a drawback, though: since <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> will refer to the
original files directly, you cannot modify or remove them until they have been
printed.</p>

<div class="NOTE">