users-modifying.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<li>
<p>Removes the user's home directory (if it is owned by the user).</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/mail</tt>.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such as <tt
class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/group</tt>.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> If a group becomes empty and the group name is the same as the username,
the group is removed; this complements the per-user unique groups created by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<br />
<br />
</li>
</ol>
</div>

<p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> cannot be
used to remove superuser accounts, since that is almost always an indication of massive
destruction.</p>

<p>By default, an interactive mode is used, which attempts to make sure you know what you
are doing.</p>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN18247" name="AEN18247"></a>
<p><b>Example 13-3. <tt class="COMMAND">rmuser</tt> Interactive Account Removal</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rmuser jru</kbd>
Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh
Is this the entry you wish to remove? <kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>
Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>
Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp>
</pre>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-CHPASS" name="USERS-CHPASS">13.6.3 <tt
class="COMMAND">chpass</tt></a></h2>

<p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></a> changes user
database information such as passwords, shells, and personal information.</p>

<p>Only system administrators, as the superuser, may change other users' information and
passwords with <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>

<p>When passed no options, aside from an optional username, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></a> displays an
editor containing user information. When the user exists from the editor, the user
database is updated with the new information.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> In FreeBSD&nbsp;5.X, you will be asked for your password after exiting
the editor if you are not the superuser.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN18276" name="AEN18276"></a>
<p><b>Example 13-4. Interactive <tt class="COMMAND">chpass</tt> by Superuser</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
</pre>
</div>

<p>The normal user can change only a small subset of this information, and only for
themselves.</p>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN18281" name="AEN18281"></a>
<p><b>Example 13-5. Interactive <tt class="COMMAND">chpass</tt> by Normal User</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
</pre>
</div>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chfn</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chsh&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chsh</span>(1)</span></a> are just links
to <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></a>, as are <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypchpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchpass</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypchfn&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchfn</span>(1)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypchsh&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchsh</span>(1)</span></a>. NIS support
is automatic, so specifying the <var class="LITERAL">yp</var> before the command is not
necessary. If this is confusing to you, do not worry, NIS will be covered in <a
href="network-servers.html">Chapter 23</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-PASSWD" name="USERS-PASSWD">13.6.4 <tt
class="COMMAND">passwd</tt></a></h2>

<p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></a> is the usual
way to change your own password as a user, or another user's password as the
superuser.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> To prevent accidental or unauthorized changes, the original password must
be entered before a new password can be set.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN18322" name="AEN18322"></a>
<p><b>Example 13-6. Changing Your Password</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">passwd</kbd>
Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done
</pre>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN18327" name="AEN18327"></a>
<p><b>Example 13-7. Changing Another User's Password as the Superuser</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">passwd jru</kbd>
Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done
</pre>
</div>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> As with <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chpass&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yppasswd&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">yppasswd</span>(1)</span></a> is just a
link to <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></a>, so NIS
works with either command.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-PW" name="USERS-PW">13.6.5 <tt
class="COMMAND">pw</tt></a></h2>

<p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> is a command
line utility to create, remove, modify, and display users and groups. It functions as a
front end to the system user and group files. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> has a very
powerful set of command line options that make it suitable for use in shell scripts, but
new users may find it more complicated than the other commands presented here.</p>
</div>
</div>

<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">Notes</h3>

<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN18139" name="FTN.AEN18139"
href="users-modifying.html#AEN18139"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
<p>The <var class="OPTION">-s</var> makes <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> default to
quiet. We use <var class="OPTION">-v</var> later when we want to change defaults.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

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<p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p>

<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a>&#62;.<br />
For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
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