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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>UNIX Basics</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Getting Started" href="getting-started.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Preparing Your Own Installation Media"href="install-diff-media.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Virtual Consoles and Terminals" href="consoles.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="CHAPTER" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install-diff-media.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="consoles.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="CHAPTER"><h1><a id="BASICS" name="BASICS"></a>Chapter 3 UNIX Basics</h1><div class="TOC"><dl><dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt><dt>3.1 <a href="basics.html#BASICS-SYNOPSIS">Synopsis</a></dt><dt>3.2 <a href="consoles.html">Virtual Consoles and Terminals</a></dt><dt>3.3 <a href="permissions.html">Permissions</a></dt><dt>3.4 <a href="dirstructure.html">Directory Structure</a></dt><dt>3.5 <a href="disk-organization.html">Disk Organization</a></dt><dt>3.6 <a href="mount-unmount.html">Mounting and Unmounting File Systems</a></dt><dt>3.7 <a href="basics-processes.html">Processes</a></dt><dt>3.8 <a href="basics-daemons.html">Daemons, Signals, and Killing Processes</a></dt><dt>3.9 <a href="shells.html">Shells</a></dt><dt>3.10 <a href="editors.html">Text Editors</a></dt><dt>3.11 <a href="basics-devices.html">Devices and Device Nodes</a></dt><dt>3.12 <a href="binary-formats.html">Binary Formats</a></dt><dt>3.13 <a href="basics-more-information.html">For More Information</a></dt></dl></div><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Rewritten by</span> Chris Shumway.</i> <div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="BASICS-SYNOPSIS" name="BASICS-SYNOPSIS">3.1 Synopsis</a></h1><p>The following chapter will cover the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSDoperating system. Much of this material is relevant for any <spanclass="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>® like operating system. Feel free to skim over thischapter if you are familiar with the material. If you are new to FreeBSD, then you willdefinitely want to read through this chapter carefully.</p><p>After reading this chapter, you will know:</p><ul><li><p>How to use the ``virtual consoles'' of FreeBSD.</p></li><li><p>How <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> file permissions work.</p></li><li><p>The default FreeBSD file system layout.</p></li><li><p>The FreeBSD disk organization.</p></li><li><p>How to mount and unmount file systems.</p></li><li><p>What processes, daemons, and signals are.</p></li><li><p>What a shell is, and how to change your default login environment.</p></li><li><p>How to use basic text editors.</p></li><li><p>What devices and device nodes are.</p></li><li><p>What binary format is used under FreeBSD.</p></li><li><p>How to read manual pages for more information.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="install-diff-media.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="consoles.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Preparing Your Own Installation Media</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="getting-started.html"accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Virtual Consoles and Terminals</td></tr></table></div><p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <ahref="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p><p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting <<ahref="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.<br />For questions about this documentation, e-mail <<ahref="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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