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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Installing X11</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="The X Window System" href="x11.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Understanding X" href="x-understanding.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="X11 Configuration" href="x-config.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="x-understanding.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 5 The X Window System</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="x-config.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="X-INSTALL" name="X-INSTALL">5.3 Installing X11</a></h1><p><b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> or <b class="APPLICATION"><spanclass="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>™</b> may be installed on FreeBSD. Beginning withFreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> is the default X11implementation for FreeBSD. <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> is the X11 server of theX11R6.7 distribution released by the X.Org Foundation. X11R6.7 is based on the code of <bclass="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span> 4.4RC2</b> and X11R6.6.The X.Org Foundation released X11R6.7 in April 2004.</p><p>To build and install <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> from the ports collection:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install clean</kbd></pre><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> To build <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> in its entirety, be sure to haveat least 4 GB of free space available.</p></blockquote></div><p>To build and install <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b>from the ports collection:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install clean</kbd></pre><p>Alternatively, X11 can be installed directly from packages. Binary packages to usewith <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> tool arealso available for X11. When the remote fetching feature of <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> is used,the version number of the package must be removed. <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> willautomatically fetch the latest version of the application.</p><p>So to fetch and install the package of <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, simplytype:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_add -r xorg</kbd></pre><p>The <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span> 4.X</b> packagecan be installed by typing:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg-add -r XFree86</kbd></pre><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> The examples above will install the complete X11 distribution includingthe servers, clients, fonts etc. Separate packages and ports of X11 are alsoavailable.</p></blockquote></div><p>The rest of this chapter will explain how to configure X11, and how to set up aproductive desktop environment.</p><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="X-TO-XORG" name="X-TO-XORG">5.3.1 Moving from <bclass="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>™</b> to <bclass="APPLICATION">Xorg</b></a></h2><p>As with any port, you should check the <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/ports/UPDATING</tt>file for changes. Included in this file are instructions for converting your system from<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> to <bclass="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>.</p><p>Use <b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b> to update your ports tree prior to attempting anyconversion. You will also need to install <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><ttclass="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> prior to converting your X11installation.</p><p>In your <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt> you will need to add the variable<var class="LITERAL">X_WINDOW_SYSTEM=xorg</var>. This ensures that your system knowswhich X11 is being used. The older <var class="LITERAL">XFREE86_VERSION</var> variablehas been deprecated and has been replaced with the <varclass="LITERAL">X_WINDOW_SYSTEM</var> variable.</p><p>Then, use the following commands:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbdclass="USERINPUT">pkg_delete -f /var/db/pkg/imake-4* /var/db/pkg/XFree86-*</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install clean</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkgdb -F</kbd></pre><p>The <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkgdb</span>(1)</span></a> command ispart of the <b class="APPLICATION">portupgrade</b> software and will update variouspackage dependencies.</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> To build <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> in its entirety, be sure to haveat least 4 GB of free space available.</p></blockquote></div></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="x-understanding.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="x-config.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Understanding X</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="x11.html" accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">X11 Configuration</td></tr></table></div><p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <ahref="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p><p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting <<ahref="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.<br />For questions about this documentation, e-mail <<ahref="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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