book-preface.html

FreeBSD操作系统的详细使用手册

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="printing.html">Chapter 9</a>,
Printing</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner pages,
printer accounting, and initial setup.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="linuxemu.html">Chapter 10</a>,
<span class="TRADEMARK">Linux</span> Binary Compatibility</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes the <span class="TRADEMARK">Linux</span> compatibility features of FreeBSD.
Also provides detailed installation instructions for many popular <span
class="TRADEMARK">Linux</span> applications such as <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b>, and <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Mathematica</span>&reg;</b>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="config-tuning.html">Chapter
11</a>, Configuration and Tuning</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a FreeBSD system
for optimum performance. Also describes the various configuration files used in FreeBSD
and where to find them.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="boot.html">Chapter 12</a>,
Booting Process</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process with
configuration options.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="users.html">Chapter 13</a>, Users
and Basic Account Management</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes the creation and manipulation of user accounts. Also discusses resource
limitations that can be set on users and other account management tasks.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="security.html">Chapter 14</a>,
Security</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system secure,
including Kerberos, IPsec, OpenSSH, and network firewalls.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="mac.html">Chapter 15</a>,
Mandatory Access Control</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can be used to
secure a FreeBSD system.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="disks.html">Chapter 16</a>,
Storage</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This includes
physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed disks, and network
filesystems.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="vinum-vinum.html">Chapter 17</a>,
Vinum</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes how to use Vinum, a logical volume manager which provides device-independent
logical disks, and software RAID-0, RAID-1 and RAID-5.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="l10n.html">Chapter 18</a>,
Localization</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both system and
application level localization.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="cutting-edge.html">Chapter
19</a>, The Cutting Edge</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and FreeBSD
releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a development system and
outlines that process.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="serialcomms.html">Chapter 20</a>,
Serial Communications</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both dial in
and dial out connections.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="ppp-and-slip.html">Chapter
21</a>, PPP and SLIP</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes how to use PPP, SLIP, or PPP over Ethernet to connect to remote systems with
FreeBSD.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="mail.html">Chapter 22</a>,
Electronic Mail</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple
configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="network-servers.html">Chapter
23</a>, Network Servers</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up your FreeBSD
machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, network information system
server, or time synchronization server.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="advanced-networking.html">Chapter
24</a>, Advanced Networking</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection with other
computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless networking, bluetooth, ATM,
IPv6, and much more.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="mirrors.html">Appendix A</a>,
Obtaining FreeBSD</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well as
different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install FreeBSD.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="bibliography.html">Appendix
B</a>, Bibliography</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a more
detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that are referenced in
the text.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="eresources.html">Appendix C</a>,
Resources on the Internet</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and engage in
technical conversations about FreeBSD.</p>
</dd>

<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS"><a href="pgpkeys.html">Appendix D</a>, PGP
Keys</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<h1 class="BRIDGEHEAD"><a id="PREFACE-CONV" name="PREFACE-CONV"></a>Conventions used in
this book</h1>

<p>To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are followed
throughout the book.</p>

<h2 class="BRIDGEHEAD"><a id="PREFACE-CONV-TYPOGRAPHIC"
name="PREFACE-CONV-TYPOGRAPHIC"></a>Typographic Conventions</h2>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Italic</i></span></dt>

<dd>
<p>An <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">italic</i></span> font is used for
filenames, URLs, emphasized text, and the first usage of technical terms.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="VARNAME">Monospace</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>A <var class="VARNAME">monospaced</var> font is used for error messages, commands,
environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, device names,
variables, and code fragments.</p>
</dd>

<dt><b class="APPLICATION">Bold</b></dt>

<dd>
<p>A <b class="APPLICATION">bold</b> font is used for applications, commands, and
keys.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<h2 class="BRIDGEHEAD"><a id="PREFACE-CONV-COMMANDS"
name="PREFACE-CONV-COMMANDS"></a>User Input</h2>

<p>Keys are shown in <b class="KEYCAP">bold</b> to stand out from other text. Key
combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with `<var
class="LITERAL">+</var>' between the keys, such as:</p>

<p><b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b></p>

<p>Meaning the user should type the <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>, <b
class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>, and <b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> keys at the same time.</p>

<p>Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, for
example:</p>

<p><b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">X</b>, <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b
class="KEYCAP">S</b></p>

<p>Would mean that the user is expected to type the <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b> and <b
class="KEYCAP">X</b> keys simultaneously and then to type the <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>
and <b class="KEYCAP">S</b> keys simultaneously.</p>

<h2 class="BRIDGEHEAD"><a id="PREFACE-CONV-EXAMPLES"
name="PREFACE-CONV-EXAMPLES"></a>Examples</h2>

<p>Examples starting with <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:\&gt;</tt> indicate a <span
class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>&reg; command. Unless otherwise noted, these commands may
be executed from a ``Command Prompt'' window in a modern <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>&reg;&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>&reg;
environment.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">E:\&gt;</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Examples starting with <samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> indicate a command that must be
invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> to
type the command, or login as your normal account and use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> to gain
superuser privileges.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Examples starting with <samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> indicate a command that should be
invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax is used for
setting environment variables and other shell commands.</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">top</kbd>
</pre>

<h1 class="BRIDGEHEAD"><a id="PREFACE-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
name="PREFACE-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"></a>Acknowledgments</h1>

<p>The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people around the
world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted complete chapters, all the
contributions have been useful.</p>

<p>Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying authors to
work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, BSDi (subsequently
acquired by <a href="http://www.windriver.com" target="_top">Wind River Systems</a>) paid
members of the FreeBSD Documentation Project to work on improving this book full time
leading up to the publication of the first printed edition in March 2000 (ISBN
1-57176-241-8). Wind River Systems then paid several additional authors to make a number
of improvements to the print-output infrastructure and to add additional chapters to the
text. This work culminated in the publication of the second printed edition in November
2001 (ISBN 1-57176-303-1). In 2003-2004, <a href="http://www.freebsdmall.com"
target="_top">FreeBSD Mall, Inc</a>, paid several contributors to improve the Handbook in
preparation for the third printed edition.</p>
</div>

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<p align="center"><small>This, and other documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</a>.</small></p>

<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
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