install.sdf

OpenLdap是LDAP的开源项目

# $OpenLDAP: pkg/openldap-guide/admin/install.sdf,v 1.34.2.5 2007/01/02 21:43:43 kurt Exp $
# Copyright 1999-2007 The OpenLDAP Foundation, All Rights Reserved.
# COPYING RESTRICTIONS APPLY, see COPYRIGHT.

H1: Building and Installing OpenLDAP Software

This chapter details how to build and install the {{ORG:OpenLDAP}}
Software package including {{slapd}}(8), the stand-alone LDAP daemon
and {{slurpd}}(8), the stand-alone update replication daemon.
Building and installing OpenLDAP Software requires several steps:
installing prerequisite software, configuring OpenLDAP Software
itself, making, and finally installing.  The following sections
describe this process in detail.


H2: Obtaining and Extracting the Software

You can obtain OpenLDAP Software from the project's download
page at {{URL: http://www.openldap.org/software/download/}} or
directly from the project's {{TERM:FTP}} service at
{{URL: ftp://ftp.openldap.org/pub/OpenLDAP/}}.

The project makes available two series of packages for {{general
use}}.  The project makes {{releases}} as new features and bug fixes
come available.  Though the project takes steps to improve stablity
of these releases, it is common for problems to arise only after
{{release}}.  The {{stable}} release is the latest {{release}} which
has demonstrated stability through general use.

Users of OpenLDAP Software can choose, depending on their desire
for the {{latest features}} versus {{demonstrated stability}}, the
most appropriate series to install.

After downloading OpenLDAP Software, you need to extract the
distribution from the compressed archive file and change your working
directory to the top directory of the distribution:

.{{EX:gunzip -c openldap-VERSION.tgz | tar xf -}}
.{{EX:cd openldap-VERSION}}

You'll have to replace {{EX:VERSION}} with the version name of
the release.

You should now review the {{F:COPYRIGHT}}, {{F:LICENSE}}, {{F:README}}
and {{F:INSTALL}} documents provided with the distribution.  The
{{F:COPYRIGHT}} and {{F:LICENSE}} provide information on acceptable
use, copying, and limitation of warranty of OpenLDAP Software. The
{{F:README}} and {{F:INSTALL}} documents provide detailed information
on prerequisite software and installation procedures.


H2: Prerequisite software

OpenLDAP Software relies upon a number of software packages distributed
by third parties.  Depending on the features you intend to use, you
may have to download and install a number of additional software
packages.  This section details commonly needed third party software
packages you might have to install.  However, for an up-to-date
prerequisite information, the {{F:README}} document should be
consulted.  Note that some of these third party packages may depend
on additional software packages.  Install each package per the
installation instructions provided with it.


H3: {{TERM[expand]TLS}}

OpenLDAP clients and servers require installation of {{PRD:OpenSSL}}
{{TERM:TLS}} libraries to provide {{TERM[expand]TLS}} services.  Though
some operating systems may provide these libraries as part of the
base system or as an optional software component, OpenSSL often
requires separate installation.

OpenSSL is available from {{URL: http://www.openssl.org/}}.

OpenLDAP Software will not be fully LDAPv3 compliant unless OpenLDAP's
{{EX:configure}} detects a usable OpenSSL installation.


H3: Kerberos Authentication Services

OpenLDAP clients and servers support Kerberos-based authentication
services.
In particular, OpenLDAP supports the {{TERM:SASL}}/{{TERM:GSSAPI}}
authentication mechanism using either {{PRD:Heimdal}} or
{{PRD:MIT Kerberos}} V packages.
If you desire to use Kerberos-based SASL/GSSAPI authentication,
you should install either Heimdal or MIT Kerberos V.

Heimdal Kerberos is available from {{URL:http://www.pdc.kth.se/heimdal/}}.
MIT Kerberos is available from {{URL:http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/www/}}.

Use of strong authentication services, such as those provided by
Kerberos, is highly recommended.


H3: {{TERM[expand]SASL}}

OpenLDAP clients and servers require installation of {{PRD:Cyrus}}'s
{{PRD:SASL}} libraries to provide {{TERM[expand]SASL}} services.  Though
some operating systems may provide this library as part of the
base system or as an optional software component, Cyrus SASL
often requires separate installation.

Cyrus SASL is available from
{{URL:http://asg.web.cmu.edu/sasl/sasl-library.html}}.
Cyrus SASL will make use of OpenSSL and Kerberos/GSSAPI libraries
if preinstalled.

OpenLDAP Software will not be fully LDAPv3 compliant unless OpenLDAP's
configure detects a usable Cyrus SASL installation.


H3: Database Software

OpenLDAP's {{slapd}}(8) {{TERM:BDB}} and {{TERM:HDB}} primary database backends
require {{ORG[expand]Sleepycat}} {{PRD:Berkeley DB}}.
If not available at configure time, you will not be able build
{{slapd}}(8) with these primary database backends.

Your operating system may provide a supported version of
{{PRD:Berkeley DB}} in the base system or as an optional
software component.  If not, you'll have to obtain and
install it yourself.

{{PRD:Berkeley DB}} is available from {{ORG[expand]Sleepycat}}'s
download page {{URL: http://www.sleepycat.com/download/}}.  There
are several versions available.  Generally, the most recent release
(with published patches) is recommended.  This package is required
if you wish to use the {{TERM:BDB}} or {{TERM:HDB}} database backends.

OpenLDAP's {{slapd}}(8) LDBM backend supports a variety of data
base managers including {{PRD:Berkeley DB}} and {{PRD:GDBM}}.
{{PRD:GDBM}} is available from {{ORG:FSF}}'s download site {{URL:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gdbm/}}.


H3: Threads

OpenLDAP is designed to take advantage of threads.  OpenLDAP
supports POSIX {{pthreads}}, Mach {{CThreads}}, and a number of
other varieties.  {{EX:configure}} will complain if it cannot
find a suitable thread subsystem.   If this occurs, please
consult the {{F:Software|Installation|Platform Hints}} section
of the OpenLDAP FAQ {{URL: http://www.openldap.org/faq/}}.


H3: TCP Wrappers

{{slapd}}(8) supports TCP Wrappers (IP level access control filters)
if preinstalled.  Use of TCP Wrappers or other IP-level access
filters (such as those provided by an IP-level firewall) is recommended
for servers containing non-public information.


H2: Running configure

Now you should probably run the {{EX:configure}} script with the
{{EX:--help}} option.
This will give you a list of options that you can change when building
OpenLDAP.  Many of the features of OpenLDAP can be enabled or disabled
using this method.
!if 0
Please see the appendix for a more detailed list of configure options,
and their usage.
!endif
>	./configure --help

The {{EX:configure}} script will also look at various environment variables
for certain settings.  These environment variables include:

!block table; align=Center; coltags="EX,N"; title="Table 4.1: Environment Variables"
Variable	Description
CC      	Specify alternative C Compiler
CFLAGS  	Specify additional compiler flags
CPPFLAGS	Specify C Preprocessor flags
LDFLAGS 	Specify linker flags
LIBS    	Specify additional libraries
!endblock

Now run the configure script with any desired configuration options or
environment variables.

>	[[env] settings] ./configure [options]

As an example, let's assume that we want to install OpenLDAP with
BDB backend and TCP Wrappers support.  By default, BDB
is enabled and TCP Wrappers is not.  So, we just need to specify
{{EX:--with-wrappers}} to include TCP Wrappers support:

>	./configure --with-wrappers

However, this will fail to locate dependent software not
installed in system directories.  For example, if TCP Wrappers
headers and libraries are installed in {{F:/usr/local/include}}
and {{F:/usr/local/lib}} respectively, the {{EX:configure}}
script should be called as follows:

>	env CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib" \
>		./configure --with-wrappers

Note: Some shells, such as those derived from the Bourne {{sh}}(1),
do not require use of the {{env}}(1) command.  In some cases, environmental
variables have to be specified using alternative syntaxes.

The {{EX:configure}} script will normally auto-detect appropriate
settings.  If you have problems at this stage, consult any platform
specific hints and check your {{EX:configure}} options, if any.


H2: Building the Software

Once you have run the {{EX:configure}} script the last line of output
should be:
>	Please "make depend" to build dependencies

If the last line of output does not match, {{EX:configure}} has failed,
and you will need to review its output to determine what went wrong.
You should not proceed until {{EX:configure}} completes successfully.

To build dependencies, run:
>	make depend

Now build the software, this step will actually compile OpenLDAP.
>	make

You should examine the output of this command carefully to make sure
everything is built correctly. Note that this command builds the LDAP
libraries and associated clients as well as {{slapd}}(8) and {{slurpd}}(8).


H2: Testing the Software

Once the software has been properly configured and successfully
made, you should run the test suite to verify the build.

>	make test

Tests which apply to your configuration will run and they should pass.
Some tests, such as the replication test, may be skipped if not supported
by your configuration.


H2: Installing the Software

Once you have successfully tested the software, you are ready to
install it.  You will need to have write permission to the installation
directories you specified when you ran configure.  By default
OpenLDAP Software is installed in {{F:/usr/local}}.  If you changed
this setting with the {{EX:--prefix}} configure option, it will be
installed in the location you provided.

Typically, the installation requires {{super-user}} privileges.
From the top level OpenLDAP source directory, type:

>	su root -c 'make install'

and enter the appropriate password when requested.

You should examine the output of this command carefully to make sure
everything is installed correctly. You will find the configuration files
for {{slapd}}(8) in {{F:/usr/local/etc/openldap}} by default.  See the
chapter {{SECT:Configuring slapd}} for additional information.